EESI Programme 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and Urban Development Sustainable Development Approaches and

1
EESI Programme1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies

• Dr Nils Viking
• Head of International Programmes
• Division of Urban and Regional Studies
• Department of Urban Planning and Environment
• School of Architecture and the Built Environment
• Architect, Planner and Researcher, BArch
  (Strathclyde), MSc in Urban Planning
• Studies (Oxford Brookes), PhD in Urban Planning
  (KTH)
• Tel [phone] e-mail nils_at_infra.kth.se

2
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and AgenciesSession Agenda

• 1 Overview 45 min
• 1.1 Events
• 1.2 Definition
• 1.3 Concepts and issues
• 1.4 Principles
• 1.5 Agenda 21
• 1.6 UN Millennium Development Goals
• 1.7 Global trends
• 1.8 Global data
• 1.9 Critical issues

3
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and AgenciesSession Agenda, cont

• 2 Multilateral Agencies 45 min
• 2.1 UN System
• 2.2 UNEP
• 2.3 UNDP
• 2.4 Commission or Sustainable Development, CSD
• 2.5 The World Bank Group
• 2.6 UN-HABITAT
• 3 Other Agencies 30 min
• 3.1 OECD
• Break 30 min

4
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and AgenciesSession Agenda, cont

• 4 Reports 30 min
• 4.1 Human Development Report
• 4.2 Other
• 5 Indicators 15 min
• 6 Discussion 15 min

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events -
some key examples sourced from International
Institute for Sustainable Development
(IISD)

• The SD Gateway integrates the on-line information
  developed by
• members of the Sustainable Development
  Communications
• Network.
• In addition to over 1,200 documents available in
  SD Topics, we
• provide services such as a calendar of events, a
  job bank, the
• Sustainability Web Ring, a roster of mailing
  lists (listservs) and
• news sites dealing with sustainable development.
• http//www.sdgateway.net

6
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural
and Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• 1960s
• - Ehrlish P, Population Bomb, 1968
• - Frends of the Earth, 1969
• http//www.foe.org

7
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• 1970s
• - First Day Earth, demonstrations, 1970
• - International Institute for Environment
• Development (IIED), 1971
• - Greenpeace, Canada, 1971
• http//www.greenpeace.org

8
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• - UN Conference on Human Environment, Stockholm,
  1972
• - Club of Rome, Limits to Growth, 1972
• - OPEC oil crises, 1973
• - Latin American World Model in response to
• Limits to Growth, 1974 see new version!
• - Worldwatch Institute, 1975
• - Habitat I, first global conference on human
  settlement,
• Vancouver, 1976
• - AMOCO Cadiz oil spill, 1978
• - Three Mile Island, nuclear accident, 1979

9
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• 1980s
• - Brandt, North-South, 1980
• - Bhopal, toxic chemical leak, 1984
• - OECD international conference on environment
  
• economics (helped to form Our common
  Future), 1984
• The OECD groups 30 member countries sharing a
  commitment to democratic government and the
  market economy. With active relationships with
  some 70 other countries, NGOs and civil society,
  it has a global reach. Best known for
  its publications and its statistics, its work
  covers economic and social issues from
  macroeconomics, to trade, education, development a
  nd science and innovation.
• - Third World Network, 1984
• - Antarctic ozone hole, 1985

10
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• - World Resources Institute, 1986
• - Montreal protocol on ozone depletion, 1987
• - Chico Mendes, fighting destruction of
  Brazilian rainforest,
• murdered, 1986
• - Chernobyl, nuclear spill, 1986
• - Bruntland, Our Common Future, World
  Commission, 1987

11
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• 1990
• - UN Summit on Children, 1990
• - International Institute of Sustainable
  Development, 1990
• - Earth Summit on Environment and Development,
• Agenda 21, Rio, 1992

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• - Earth Council in Costa Rica, 1992
• - Business Council for Sustainable Development,
  1992
• - UN Commission on Sustainable Development, 1993

13
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• - Conference on Human Rights, 1993
• - World Trade Organisation trade, environment
  and
• development, 1995
• - Summit on Social Development in Copenhagen,
  1995
• - Conference on Women in Beijing, 1995

14
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural
and Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• - Summit of the Americas in Santa Cruz, 1996
• - Kyoto Protocol on greenhouse gas emissions,
  1997
• - Controversy over genetically modified
  organisms, 1998
• - Third World Trade Organisation conference,
  1999

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.1 Events,
some key examples, cont

• - Summit on Sustainable Development,
• Johannesburg, 2002
• with Plan of Implementation

16
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.2
Definition - source International Institute
for Sustainable Development (IISD)
http//www.sdgateway.net

• Sustainable development is development that
  meets the
• needs of the present generation without
  compromising
• the ability of future generations to meet their
  own
• demands.

17
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.2
Definition, cont

• Sustainable development is development that
  meets the
• needs of the present generation without
  compromising
• the ability of future generations to meet
  their own
• demands.
• - shift from ecological to also embrace economic
  and social
• context
• - changing policy and practice at all levels,
  from individual
• to international
• - improving quality of life for all Earths
  citizens without
• increasing use of natural resources beyond
  capacity of

18
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.3 Concepts
and Issues- IISD is one example of where to find
them http//sdgateway.net

• Bibliography
• - Meadows, DH and DL, 1972 The Limits to Growth
• - UN, 1992. Agenda 21 programme of action for
  sustainable development
• - UNDP, Human Development Report
• - UNEP, Global Environment Outlook
• - World Bank, World Development Report
• - UN/WB, MDGs
• See also new Pre-selected Literature in Course
  Compendium
• http//sdgateway.net/introsd/bibliography.htm

19
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.3 Concepts
and Issues, cont

• Internet and Intranet Sites
• - International Institute for Sustainable
  Development (IISD)
• - UN Sustainable Development
• - World Business Council for Sustainable
  Development
• - World Resources Institute
• See also Relevant Web References and General
  Web and Literature References in Course
  Intranet Site
• http//sdgateway.net/introsd/bibliography.htm

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.3 Concepts,
cont

• Current Issues
• - population and consumption
• - climate change with global warming and freak
  storms
• - poverty and gender perspectives
• - biodiversity
• - security
• http//sdgateway.net/introsd/bibliography.htm

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.3 Concepts,
cont

• - law and policy
• - modelling and measurement tools (indicators)
• - sustainable livelihoods
• - eco-efficiency
• - voluntary simplicity
• - civil society, NGOs and CBOs
• - institutions and governance

22
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.4
Principleshttp//www.iisd.ca/sd/principle.asp

• Focus on
• - environment
• - economy
• - community

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.5 Agenda 21
For deeper understanding

• Preamble
• Section 1
• - social and economic dimensions, eg combating
  poverty
• Section 2
• - conservation and management of resources for
  development,
• eg combating deforestation
• Section 3
• - strengthening the role of major groups, eg
  women
• Section 4
• - means of implementation, eg financial resources
  and mechanisms
• (http//www.un.org.esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/
  )
• See also SURD 2003-4, Paper on Agenda 21, in
  Course Intranet site.

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.6 UN
Millennium Development Goals

• Declaration 55/2, Sep 2000
• 1 values and principles
• - eg equality solidarity respect for
  nature shared responsibility
• 2 Peace, security and disarmament
• - make UN more effective in maintaining peace
  and security take
• concerted action against international
  terrorism
• 3 Development and poverty eradication
• - eg freeing the entire human race from want
  address special needs
• of least developed countries adopt a policy
  of duty-/quota-free
• access for all exports from the least developed
  countries by 2015

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.6 UN
Millennium Development Goals (cont)

• 4 Protecting our common environment
• - eg reaffirm our support for Agenda 21
  and, ensure the entry
• into force of the Kyoto Protocol
• 5 Human rights, democracy and good governance
• - eg respect Universal Declaration of Human
  Rights
• 6 Protecting the vulnerable
• - eg ratification of convention of the Rights
  of the Child
• 7 Meeting the special needs for Africa
• - eg special measures including debts
  cancellation improved market access

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.6 UN
Millennium Development Goals, cont

• 8 Strengthening the UN
• - eg, reaffirm central position of the General
  Assembly
• http//www.un.org/milleniu/declaration/ares552e.ht
  m

28
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview1.6 UN
Millennium Development Goals, cont

• The Goals, popular version
• 1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
• 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education
• 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
• 4 Reduce Child Mortality
• 5 Improve Maternal Health
• 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases
• 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• 8 Partnership for Development
• Http//www.un.org/milleniu

29
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview 1.7 Global
trends

• gains in human development
• - eg life expectancy, per capita income,
  education
• human impact on natural world unabated (exception
  air and water)
• - eg build up of greenhouse gases, loss of
  tropical forest
• Gapminder http//www.gapminder.org
• World Resources Institute http//www.wri.org/wri
  /trends/

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview 1.8 Global
data
For deeper understanding

• global population 8-12 billion, 2050
• rich-poor nation gap widens, generally
• small percentage controls most worlds economic
  and natural resources
• food production is adequate, problems with
  distribution
• - eg near 1 billion undernourished
• food production rising
• - yields rising more slowly with soil
  degradation and toxic farming methods
• consumption of natural resources high by
  industrial economies
• - 45-85 tons/p/a
• energy use increase 70 since 1971
• - projected to increase at 2 /a next 15 years
  with 50 higher
• greenhouse gas

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview 1.8 Global
data, cont
For deeper understanding

• ozone-depleting substances cut by 70 since 1987
• - illegal clorofluorocarbons (CFC) problem
• global nitrogene cycle in trouble
• - fertilisers/sewage/burning of fossil fuels -
  resulting in reduced
• soil fertility to eutrophication of lakes,
  rivers and coastal
• estuaries
• acid rain, eg Asia with tripling by 2010
• deforestation increasing
• - world half loss in 8000 years
• bioinvation threat
• - 20 of worlds vertebrate species threatened
• 58 worlds reef and 34 fish species at risk
• water consumption rising
• - 2/3 of worlds population projected with
  moderate to high
• water stress in 30 years

32
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies1 Overview 1.9 Critical
issues

• population and human well-being
• feeding the world
• production and consumption
• global commons
• resources at risk
• World Resources Institute
• http//www.wri.org/wri/trends/indes.htm

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.1 UN Systemhttp//www.un.org/site_inde
x.htm

• General Assembly
• - programmes and funds, eg UNEP, UN-Habitat,
  UNDP
• Security Council
• Economic and Social Council
• - eg Commission for Sustainable Development
  (CSD)
• - World Bank Group incl IBRD, IMF
• Secretariat
• Trustee Council
• International Court of Justice

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EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.2 UNEP- Programme under UN General
Assembly

• Mission
• To provide leadership and encourage partnership
  in
• caring for the environment by inspiring,
  informing, and
• enabling nations and peoples to improve their
  quality
• of life without compromising that of future
  generations.
• http//www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingueal

37
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.2 UNEP- Programme under UN General
Assembly, cont

• Themes
• - governance and law
• - land
• - business and industry
• - chemicals
• - civic society
• - energy
• - atmosphere
• - marine and coastal areas
• - sustainable consumption
• - urban issues
• - biodiversity
• - environmental assessment
• - freshwater

38
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.3 UNDP- Programme under UN General
Assembly, cont

• Policy advisory areas
• - democratic governance
• - poverty reduction
• - crises prevention
• - energy and environment
• - information and communications technology
• - HIV/AIDS
• http//undp.org/policy/

39
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.4 Commission for Sustainable
Development, CSD- Functional Commission under UN
Economic and Social Council

• Division for Sustainable Development - statements
• - The Division for Sustainable Development
  serves as the substantive
• secretariat responsible for servicing
  the Commission on Sustainable
• Development for follow-up of the
  implementation of Agenda 21 as
• well as the Plan of Implementation (POI)
  of the World Summit
• on Sustainable Development.
• http//www.un.org/esa/sustdev/about_us/abo
  utus.htm

40
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.4 Commission for Sustainable
Development, CSD, cont

• - The Division's responsibilities have grown
  considerably as a result of
• the World Summit on Sustainable Development.
  The Summit
• underscored the significance of the work of
  the United Nations on
• sustainable development and also required the
  Secretariat to undertake
• additional responsibilities, which include,
  among others, partnerships,
• consumption and production patterns, mining
  and minerals.

41
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.4 Commission for Sustainable
Development, CSD, cont

• goal
• - (a) provide leadership and an authoritative
  source of
• expertise for Governments, the United Nations
  system,
• other international organisations and civil
  society with
• regard to the promotion of sustainable
  development and
• the implementation of the Johannesburg Plan of
  
• Implementation and Agenda 21
• - (b) promote an integrated, cross-sectoral and
  broadly
• participatory approach to sustainable
  development, its
• implementation at the local, national, regional
  and
• global levels

42
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.4 Commission for Sustainable
Development, CSD, cont

• - (c) facilitate inter-governmental decision
  making
• through the provision of substantive support
  to the work
• of the Commission on Sustainable Development,
  and
• other related bodies
• - (d) provide technical advice and assistance to
  
• governments in support to sustainable
  development
• - (e) promote inter-agency and
  inter-organizational
• strategies

43
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.4 Commission for Sustainable
Development, CSD, cont
For deeper understanding

• - (f) promote and facilitate exchange and
  sharing of
• information and catalyze joint activities with
  UN agencies,
• other international organisations and civil
  society groups in
• support of sustainable development
• - (e) promote an active and continuous dialogue
  with
• governments, civil society and other
  international
• organisations aimed at building partnership to
  solve key
• issues and problems related to sustainable
  development.

44
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.4 Commission for Sustainable
Development, CSD, cont

• themes
• - social
• - environmental
• - economic
• - institutional
• sub-theme, example on equity theme
• - poverty
• - gender equality
• indicator, example on poverty sub-theme
• - percent of population living below poverty line

45
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural
and Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.5 The World Bank Group

• IBRD, International Bank for Reconstruction and
  Development
• The World Bank Groups mission is to fight
  poverty and improve the
• living standards of people in the
  developing world. It is a development
• Bank which provides loans, policy advice,
  technical assistance and
• knowledge sharing services to low and
  middle income countries to
• reduce poverty. The Bank promotes growth
  to create jobs and to
• empower poor people to take advantage of
  these opportunities.

46
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.5 The World Bank Group, cont

• - largest external funder of education/HIV/AIDS
  programs
• - leader in the anti-corruption effort
• - strongly supports debt relief
• - one of the largest funders of biodiversity
  projects
• - works with partners
• - helps bring clean water, electricity and
  transport to the
• poor
• - involves civil society in every aspect of its
  work
• - helps countries emerging from conflict
• - responds to the voices of poor people

47
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.5 The World Bank Group, cont
For deeper understanding

• IDA, International Development Association
• IDA helps the world's poorest countries
  reduce poverty by providing
• credits, which are loans at zero interest with
  a 10-year grace period
• and maturities of 35 to 40 years. These
  countries face complex
• challenges in striving for progress toward the
  international
• development goals. They must, for example,
  respond to the
• competitive pressures as well as opportunities
  of globalization arrest
• the spread of HIV/AIDS and prevent conflict or
  deal with its
• aftermath.

48
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.5 The World Bank Group, cont

• To help these countries improve their prospects,
  the
• policy framework emphasizes
• - accelerating broad-based growth through sound
  macroeconomic
• and sectoral policies, especially for rural
  and private sector
• development
• - investing in people through strong support for
  the social sectors
• including gender mainstreaming and efforts to
  counter the
• challenge and social impact of communicable
  diseases, especially
• HIV/AIDS
• - building capacity for improving governance -
  including in public
• expenditure management - and combating
  corruption
• - protecting the environment for sustainable
  development
• - fostering recovery in post-conflict countries
• - promoting trade and regional integration

49
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies2 Multilateral
Agencies2.6 UN-HABITAT

• The United Nations Human Settlements Programme,
  UN-HABITAT, is the United Nations agency for
  human settlements. It is mandated by the UN
  General Assembly to promote socially and
  environmentally sustainable towns and cities with
  the goal of providing adequate shelter for all.
  The main documents outlining the mandate of the
  organization are the Vancouver Declaration on
  Human Settlements, Habitat Agenda, Istanbul
  Declaration on Human Settlements, the Declaration
  on Cities and Other Human Settlements in the New
  Millennium, and Resolution 56/206
• http//wwwunhabitat.org

50
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies3 Other Agencies3.1
OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development
For deeper understanding

• Aims to promote policies designed to
• - (a) achieve the highest sustainable
  economic growth
• and employment and a rising standard of
  living in
• Member countries, while maintaining financial
  stability,
• and thus to contribute to the development of
  the world
• economy

51
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies3 Other Agencies3.1
OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development, cont
For deeper understanding

• Members
• AUSTRALIA 7 June 1971AUSTRIA 29 September
  1961BELGIUM 13 September 1961CANADA 10 April
  1961CZECH REPUBLIC 21 December 1995DENMARK 30
  May 1961FINLAND 28 January 1969FRANCE 7
  August 1961GERMANY 27 September 1961GREECE 27
  September 1961HUNGARY 7 May 1996ICELAND 5
  June 1961IRELAND 17 August 1961ITALY 29 March
  1962JAPAN 28 April 1964KOREA 12 December
  1996LUXEMBOURG 7 December 1961MEXICO 18 May
  1994NETHERLANDS 13 November 1961NEW ZEALAND
  29 May 1973NORWAY 4 July 1961POLAND 22
  November 1996PORTUGAL 4 August 1961SLOVAK
  REPUBLIC 14 December 2000SPAIN 3 August
  1961SWEDEN 28 September 1961SWITZERLAND 28
  September 1961TURKEY 2 August 1961UNITED
  KINGDOM 2 May 1961UNITED STATES 12 April 1961

52
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies3 Other Agencies 3.1
OECD, cont

• - (b) to contribute to sound economic expansion
  in Member
• as well as non-member countries in the process
  of
• economic development
• - (c) to contribute to the expansion of world
  trade on a
• multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in
  accordance with
• international obligations.

53
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies4 Reports4.1 Human
Development Reporthttp//hdr.undp.org/reports/vie
w_reports.cfm

• annual publication by UNDP
• contents of 2005 version
• Foreword, Acknowledgements, Contents
• Overview International cooperation at a
  crossroads aid, trade and
• security in an unequal world
• Chapter 1 The state of human development
• Chapter 2 Inequality and human development
• Chapter 3 Aid for the 21st century
• Chapter 4 International trade unlocking the
  potential for human
• development
• Chapter 5 Violent conflict bringing the real
  threat into focus
• Notes, Bibliographic note, Bibliography
• Human Development Indicators
• Technical Notes
• http//www.undp.org/hdr2005

54
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies4 Reports4.2 Other

• International Development Goals
• Human Settlements Report
• - http//www.unhabitat.org/register
• World Business Council for Sustainable
  Development
• World Bank Group
• - http//www.worldbank.org
• UNDP

55
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies4 Reports4.2 Other, cont

• Friends of the Earth
• - http//www.foe.org/
• World Watch Institute
• - http//worldwatch.org
• WWF
• - http//www.panda.org
• IUCN, World Conservation Bookstore
• - http//www.iucnorg/
• See also Course Intranet on Literature
• http//www.earthscan.co.uk/

56
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies5 Indicators

• Agenda 21
• Human Development Report
• CSD
• MDGs
• World Bank Group
• OECD
• UNDP
• Others

57
EESI Programme, 1H1143 Sustainable Rural and
Urban DevelopmentSustainable Development-
Approaches and Agencies6 Discussion

• UN Millennium Development Goals
• - relevance of goals, targets and indicators
• - realism of realisation
• - commitment of governments political will
• Critical issues
• - relevance and prioritisation
• - other
• UN Agencies, including The World Bank
• - relevance and significance for towards a
  changed world order
• - commitment political will