Global Focus on Knowledge Academics and Subjectivness

1
Global Focus on KnowledgeAcademics and
Subjectivness ?

• Chizuko Ueno(Sociology)
• Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology
• at University of Tokyo
• Ueno_at_l.u-tokyo.ac.jp

2
What is Postcolonialism?Postcolonial studies

• de-colonization?
• Achievement of political independence
• ?Economic colonialism
• Cultural colonialism(colonization of
  knowledge/colonization of the life- world)

3
Orientalism

• Orientalism Said 1978
• Orientalism is the Occidental knowledge of what
  the Orient is.
• ?Therefore, no matter how seriously we study the
  Occidental discourse about the Orient, we fail to
  know what the Orient is, but we would only know
  illusions of the Occidents about what the Orient
  should be and how the Orient will be.
• Orientalism Other-ize/ gendering (femaling)

4
Reverse Orientalism

• Self-Orientalization
• Orientalization of the self by the Orientals
• Occidentalism
• Reverse-Orientalism
• Ex. the theory of Japanese
• You, Japanese is unique. ?Yes, We, Japanese are
  unique.?So, only Japanese can understand the
  uniqueness of Japanese.
• reversed pride

5
What is Postcolonialism?

• Can the Subaltern speak? Spivak 1988
• critics of postcolonial reason
• a definition of the post-colonialism
• children by rape
• undeniable reality, under very asymmetrical
  power-relation, that father is a rapist and
  mother is a victim.
• ?hybridity/creole Imafuku 2001

6
(NOTE) The difficulties of the women history in
the medieval period

• The history of Women in the West LHistoire de
  la femme en LOccident M.Perrot et G.Duby
• a literacy rate/ lack of documents that women
  wrote
• The theory of Women by clergymen (Father of
  Catholicism)
• ?Discourses of what women are, what women should
  be, and how women should behave were narrated by
  bachelors (clergymen) who were not arrowed to
  contact with women Perrot
• Therefore, we dont understand what women were
  in reality, but understand how male fantasized
  women at that time.

7
Postcolonial identity

• Black Skin, White Masks Fannon 1952
• Psychoanalysis of the colonials
• rac-ize/ gendering sexual desire
• Why does White women stimulate sexual desires ?

8
Postcolonialism and Cultural Studies

• Who needs identity? Hall 1996
• ID certification of existence Watanabe 2003
• ?Who asks and who asked?
• Diaspora identity
• Globalizationtransnational migration/
  multilayered belongings

9
Positionality

• colonialism acculturation?
• Relationship among more than two, which put very
  asymmetrically
• It (acculturation) takes two to make it happen.
• Multiple realities/ anti-reconciliation
• assailants/victims
• Ex. Sexual harassment, a problem of military
  prostitute
• Ueno 1998 Odanaka 2006 Paku 2006

10
Politics of discourse

• Addressor
• Addressee
• positionality
• What and
• How narrates?

11
The Case of sexual minority

• The homosexual is determined by DNA
• Intentions and effects of discourse
• Is this discourse discriminative?
• The heterosexual discriminate/ other-ize
• homosexual subjected/ de-pathology
• ?strategic essentialism, by Spivak

12
assimilation integration

• Inclusion into and exclusion from the
  nation-state Oguma 1998 Ishida 2000
• nationalization
• first class citizen/ second crass citizen/ third
  class citizen
• Assimilation policy (become Japanese)
• It ends up with vain.
• Ex. become Tokyo-ian
• National education? Colonial education

13
What is Whiteness ?Whiteness studies

• The Black(discriminated)problem is the white
  (discriminating) problem
• Japanese Korean problem is Japanese problem
• Three characteristics of the Whiteness
  Fujikawa2005
• ?structural predominance/ racial privilege
• ?subjective position of the view of the world
• ?unmarked/ universality
• ?the non-whites can have Whiteness
• Honorary Whites

14
Pitfalls of Multiculturalism

• Several routs of national integration Taylor
  1994
• Claims that the right of being different
• authenticity of difference
• Again, exclusions of the middle (gray zone)
• ?Who decides identity ?