Science 9 - Models of Matter (Particle Theory) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Science 9 - Models of Matter (Particle Theory)

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Title: Science 9 - Models of Matter (Particle Theory)


1
PARTICLE THEORY
2
MATTER
  • Matter is anything which has mass takes up
    space (VOLUME)
  • Matter is what makes up everything around us.

3
What is matter made of?
4
THE ANSWER?
5
DEMOCRITUS
  • Greek thinker had an idea
  • If you continued cutting something up into
    smaller pieces, eventually you would get to the
    smallest particle
  • He called these particles ATOMA

6
THE PARTICLE THEORY
  • Has four principles
  • All matter is made up of tiny particles

7
THE PARTICLE THEORY
  1. A substance is made of the same type of particle.
    Different substances are made of different
    particles.

SUBSTANCE B
SUBSTANCE A
8
THE PARTICLE THEORY
  1. Particles are always moving. The more energy
    they have, the faster they move.

9
HOW DO WE KNOW PARTICLES ARE MOVING?
10
THE PARTICLE THEORY
11
HOW DO WE KNOW PARTICLES ARE MOVING?
12
MOVING PARTICLES DISSOLVING
  • Particle Theory explains how dissolving works

13
THE PARTICLE THEORY
  1. Particles have forces of attraction between them.
    The closer the particles are, the stronger the
    attraction force is.

14
STATE OF MATTER
  • There are 3 states of matter solid, liquid, and
    gas

15
STATES OF MATTER
  • SOLIDS
  • Strongest attractive forces
  • Require most energy to break apart
  • Results in a fixed shape

16
STATES OF MATTER
17
STATE OF MATTER
  • LIQUIDS
  • Particles not held together as tightly because of
    weaker attractive forces
  • This results in liquids not being able to hold
    their shape

18
STATES OF MATTER
19
STATE OF MATTER
  • GASES
  • Almost no force holding atoms together
  • This results in gases spreading out when not in a
    container.
  • Gases cant hold their shape or volume.

20
STATES OF MATTER
21
STATES OF MATTER
  • To change the state of matter you must increase
    the speed of particles
  • But How?

22
STATES OF MATTER
23
STATES OF MATTER
  • Change states of matter by heating the substance.

24
STATES OF MATTER
25
EVAPORATION
26
CLASSIFYING MATTER
  • Matter can be classified as
  • PURE SUBSTANCES
  • Substances containing particles which are
    chemically joined
  • Cant be separated easily
  • MIXTURES
  • Substances containing particles which are not
    chemically joined.
  • Can be separated easily

27
PURE SUBSTANCES
28
PURE SUBSTANCES
  • What are pure substances?
  • Substances containing atoms which are chemically
    joined
  • Cant be separated easily
  • There are two types of pure substances
  • Elements
  • Compounds

29
PURE SUBSTANCES
  • What does chemically joined mean?
  • Means 1 or more atoms are kept together by their
    attractive forces for each other
  • These atoms are kept together and act as a
    couple

30
PURE SUSBTANCES
  • There are 2 types of pure substances
  • ELEMENTS
  • Substances containing 1 type of atom
  • Example Oxygen has a chemical formula of O2

31
PURE SUBSTANCES
  • COMPOUNDS
  • Contain 2 or more different types of atoms in a
    fixed proportion
  • Example Water has a chemical formula of H2O

32
MIXTURES
33
MIXTURES
  • What are mixtures?
  • Substances containing atoms which are NOT
    chemically joined
  • Can be separated easily
  • There are two types of mixtures
  • Heterogeneous Mixtures
  • Homogeneous Mixtures

34
MIXTURES
  • Mixtures can be separated easily.

35
PURE SUBSTANCE vs. MIXTURES
TAP WATER WOULD BE A _________________
DISTILLED WATER WOULD BE A _________________
36
TYPES OF MIXTURES
  • There are 2 types of mixtures
  • HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES
  • Also called SOLUTIONS
  • Cant see individual parts of the mixture
  • Looks like one thing. but a solution can be
    separate easily

37
HOMOEGENOUS MIXTURES
  • In a homogenous mixture, the individual parts are
    evenly spread out
  • So it looks like one thing

38
HOMOGENOUS MIXTURES
  • Milk

39
TYPES OF MIXTURES
  • There are 2 types of mixtures
  • HETEROGENOUS MIXTURES
  • You can see the individual parts of the solution
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