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VIKINGS ATTACK

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The church began to fall apart Popes became immoral, bishops became more ... Positions in the church were being SOLD by bishops ( called simony) 3. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: VIKINGS ATTACK


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2
VIKINGS ATTACK
  • Between A.D. 500 and A.D. 1000 VIKINGS attacked
    and looted church monasteries.
  •  
  • The church began to fall apart Popes became
    immoral, bishops became more focused on their
    feudal positions than on their spiritual duties,
    etc

3
THE AGE OF FAITH
  • Beginning in the 1000s a
  • spiritual revival spread across
  • Europe. Led by monasteries,
  • the reformers called for a
  • return to the basics of Christianity.
  •  
  • As the church began to reform itself a new age of
    religion was born called The Age of Faith.

4
SOCIETY THE CHURCH
  • The church was upset by three major problems in
    society
  • 1.      Priests married and had families
  • 2.      Positions in the church were being SOLD
    by bishops ( called simony)
  • 3.      Kings were in control of bishops church
    believed they should have authority over choosing
    bishops.

5
REFORM BEGINS!
  • The monks in monasteries throughout Europe began
    to outline plans for reform.
  • As a sign of reform, the church
  • built massive Cathedrals as
  • their new cities of God,
  • or places of worship.
  • A new type of Architecture
  • developed called GOTHIC
  • named after the
  • Germanic tribe known for
  • invading Rome, GOTHIC cathedrals
  • reached towards the heavens.

6
THE AGE OF FAITH INSPIRES CONQUEST
  • In 1093 the Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus
    wrote a letter that eventually was read by Pope
    Urban II. The letter asked for help in fighting
    the Muslim Turks who were threatening to conquer
    the capital, Constantinople. 
  • In response Pope Urban II issued a call for a
    HOLY WAR, or a crusade to gain control of the
    Holy Land.
  • Over the next 200 years a number of such crusades
    were launched.
  • The goal was to recover Jerusalem and the Holy
    Land from the Muslim Turks.

7
THE RELIGIOUS SPIRIT OF THE CRUSADES
  • Lords, and peasants alike
  • joined in the support for a religious
  • crusade. They wore red crosses
  • on their tunics worn over their
  • armor and the battle cry of
  • God wills it!
  • Many of these excited
  • crusaders would end up giving
  • their lives for the cause! 
  • According to Pope Urban II
  • any knights that died on Crusade
  • were assured a place in heaven.
  •  

8
  • 1st The crusaders were not prepared for their
    holy war in the first crusade. They were not
    familiar with the geography, climate or culture
    of the Holy Land. They had no grand strategy to
    capture Jerusalem. However, on July 15, 1099
    they were able to capture the city of Jerusalem.

9
  • 2nd In 1144 Edessa was recaptured by the Muslim
    Turks the second crusade was launched to get it
    back! The Christian armies were defeated when a
    Muslim leader named Saladin, took over Jerusalem.

10
  • 3rd The third crusade began with the goal of
    recapturing Jerusalem. The European leader,
    Richard the Lion Hearted was matched up against
    Saladin the Muslim leader. The battle between
    the two raged on until 1192 when the two leaders
    decided to a truce.

11
  • 4th In 1198 Pope Innocent III appealed for yet
    another crusade to capture Jerusalem this
    crusade was marked by politics and corruption
    between the Italians and the Byzantines. The
    4th crusade ended when the city of Constantinople
    was looted. This caused the divide between the
    Eastern Orthodox Church and the Western Roman
    Catholic Church to become even wider!

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13
The Spanish Inquisition Another Crusade
  • Muslims had controlled most of Spain until the
    1100s. The Reconquista was an effort to drive
    the Muslims out of Spain for good. In 1492,
    Granada fell to the Christian army of Ferdinand
    and Isabella, the Spanish monarchs.
  • The Spanish Inquisition
  • Ferdinand and Isabella
  • held a tribunal through
  • the churches. The purpose was to
  • find people guilty of heresy, or going
  • against the church. The Inquisitors
  • suspected Jews and Muslim converts
  • to Christianity to be heretics.
  • Suspects were usually burned at the stake.

14
The Effects of the Crusades
  • Failures during the crusades lessened
  • the power of the pope
  • Weakened feudal system
  • Crusades stimulated trade
  • Muslims and Christians became
  • very bitter towards one another
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