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INNATE NONSPECIFIC IMMUNITY

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INNATE ( NON-SPECIFIC ) IMMUNITY. Abdul Ghaffar. Microbiology and ... Serum and other serous fluids. lactoferrin,transferrin. iron deprivation. interferons,TNF ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: INNATE NONSPECIFIC IMMUNITY


1
INNATE ( NON-SPECIFIC ) IMMUNITY
Abdul Ghaffar Microbiology and Immunology
2
Components of the Immune System
macrophages, neutrophils
complement, interferon, TNF etc.
T cells other effectors cells
antibodies
3
Balance between Infection and Immunity
infection
immunity
4
Response to Infection
adaptive immunity
5
Significance of the Immune System
  • Beneficial
  • Protection from Invaders
  • Elimination of Altered Self
  • Detrimental
  • Discomfort (inflammation)
  • Damage to self (autoimmunity)

6
Characteristics of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
  • Antigen independent
  • Antigen dependent
  • No time lag
  • A lag period
  • Not antigen specific
  • Antigen specific
  • No Immunologic
  • memory
  • Development
  • of memory

7
Components of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
physical barriers
skin, gut Villi, lung cilia,etc
none
soluble factors
many protein and non-protein secretions
Immunoglobulins (antibody)
cells
phagocytes, NK cell eosinophils, K cells
T and B lymphocytes
8
Effector mechanisms in Innate Immunity -1
Site Component Functions
9
Effector mechanisms in Innate Immunity -2
Site Component Functions
10
Effector mechanisms in Innate Immunity -3
Site Component s Functions
Serum and other serous fluids
11
Phagocytes are the Most Important Cells
12
All phagocytes eat, digest and extrude
13
Phagocytes Neutrophils
  • phagocytosis, intracellular killing, inflammation
    and tissue damage
  • characteristic nucleus, cytoplasm
  • granules and CD67 membrane marker.

14
PhagocytesMacrophages
  • phagocytosis, intracellular and extra-cellular
    killing, tissue repair, antigen presentation for
    specific immune response
  • characteristic nucleus and CD14 membrane marker.

15
Characteristics of Neutrophil Granules
primary granules
secondary granules
azurophilic characteristic of young neutrophils
specific for mature neutrophils
contain cationic proteins, lysozyme, defensins,
proteases and myeloperoxidase
contain lysozyme, NADPH oxidase, lactoferrin and
B12-binding protein
16
Phagocyte Response to Infection
  • The SOS Signals
  • N-formyl methionine
  • Clotting system peptides
  • Complement products
  • Phagocyte response
  • Vascular adherence
  • Diapedesis
  • Chemotaxis
  • Activation
  • Phagocytosis and killing

17
Initiation of Phagocytosis
Attachment via
18
Respiratory Burst
Oxygen Dependent Myeloperoxidase Independent
Reactions
19
Respiratory Burst
Oxygen Dependent Myeloperoxidase dependent
reactions

20
Pathways of Intracellular Killing
21
Mediators of Oxygen Independent Killing in the
Phago-lysosome
Effector Molecule
Function
Cationic proteins (cathepsin)
Damage to microbial membranes
Lysozyme
Hydrolyses mucopeptides in the cell wall
Lactoferrin
Deprives pathogens of iron
Hydrolytic enzymes (proteases)
Digests killed organisms
22
Nitric Oxide Dependent Killing
23
Non-specific Killer Cells
  • NK and LAK cells
  • K cell
  • Activated
  • macrophages
  • Eosinophils
  • They all kill foreign and altered self targets

24
Natural Killer (NK) cells
  • also known as large granular lymphocytes (LGL)
  • kill infected and malignant cells
  • are identified by the presence of CD56 CD16 and
    absence of CD3
  • activated by IL2 and IFN-? to become LAK cells

25
Lymphokine Activated Killer (LAK) cell
IFN
IFN
IL2
IL2
26
Regulation of NK Cell Function
27
K Cells
  • morphologically undefined
  • have IgG Fc receptor
  • recognize antibody coated targets
  • could be NK cells (IgG), macrophages (IgG),
    eosinophils (IgE) or other cells (IgG)

28
Macrophages
  • phagocytose kill intracellularly
  • identified by CD14
  • adherent of plastic and glass surfaces
  • activated by cytokines
  • kill both intracellular organisms
  • kill malignant and altered self targets

29
Elements of Nonspecific ImmunitySummary
  • Physical Barriers
  • skin, muco-ciliary escalator, secretions,
    peristaltic movement, etc.
  • Cells
  • pagocytes
  • Oxygen-independent killing
  • O2-dependent-MPO independent killing
  • O2-dependent-MPO dependent killing
  • Nitric Oxide mediated killing
  • cytotoxic cells
  • NK, LAK, K (ADCC)
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