The Reproductive System

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The Reproductive System

• Chapter 8.11

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Introduction

• Reproduction occurs in all species.
• Tiny 1 celled organisms divide or separate by
  themselves to reproduce.
• Most animals require male and female reproduction
• The Male and Female Reproduction Systems have
  several parts in common
• Gonads (endocrine glands)
• Tubes
• Exocrine glands

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Gonads

• Males
• These are called testes
• They produce sperm
• Females
• These are called ovaries
• They produce the ova (egg)

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Male

• Gonads are found outside the body in a sac called
  the Scrotum.
• Testes produce sperm and the male hormone
  testosterone.
• The Penis is the primary sex organ and it lies
  anterior to the testes.
• The epididymis is a 20 foot long tube that is
  coiled inside the scrotal sac. Sperm are stored
  here until they are mature and able to move by
  themselves
• As the epididymis extends upward it becomes the
  vas deferens. This is known as the spermatic
  cord. It extends through the abdominal wall and
  curves over and behind the bladder.

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• Seminal Vesicles are outpouchings at the end of
  the vas deferens. They produce a thick yellow
  secretion that adds to the volume of semen and
  nourishes the sperm.
• Prostate Gland produces a secretion that
  maintains the mobility of sperm.
• The ejaculatory duct carries sperm through the
  prostate gland to the urethra.
• The urethra is a small passage for urine and
  sperm and leads to the outside of the body.

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Effects of Testosterone

• at puberty testosterone prompts spermatogenesis
• causes reproductive organs to grow assume adult
  functions
• as adult normal levels of testosterone are
  required to maintain normal structure function
  of reproductive organ

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Spermatogenesis

• sequence of events in seminiferous tubules of
  testes that leads to production of male gametes
  or sperm
• healthy male produces several hundred million
  sperm per day

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