QSIA, Simulation and Games

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QSIA, Simulation and Games

• ???? ????? Sheizaf Rafaeli
• sheizaf_at_rafaeli.net
• http//sheizaf.rafaeli.net
• InfoSoc, Univ. of Haifa
• ????? ???? ???? ?????
• ?????????? ????

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????? ?? ????? ???????What is the
Vision???????? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ??????
???? ????? ?????? ???????

• More Efficient?
• Newer?
• Easier
• Cheaper?
• Faster?
• Further?

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Some Insights?????? ????? ???????

• Technology changing
• Students are changing
• Instructors are changing
• Curriculum is changing
• Constraints are changing
• ?????????? ?????
• ???????? ??????
• ?????? ??????
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
• ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????

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?? ?? ?What Not

• ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????, No
  technological imperative ???? ?????????
  ???????? No Technological Determinism
• ????? ????? ??? ?? ??, ??? ??The Personal
  Computer is Neither
• ????? ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??
  ???????Analog replaced by Digital, Bits
  replacing Atoms
• ???????? ?? ??? ?????? Technoogists dont get it
  either (??? Negropontes Switch )
• "????? ?? ???? ?????" Medium does not replace
  medium (??? ????? ????? ???? ????, ?? ???????)
• ?? ?????????? ????, ??? ????, ??? ?? ?????) ??
  Content isnt king anymore

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???? ??? Milestones
1997
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
1999
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Frances Cairncross
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?????? Threats

• ?????? Privacy
• ???? ???? Info overload
• ???????, ??????, ?????? Hacks
• ????? ????? Intellectual Property
• ??????? Addiction (?)
• ????? ????, ???? Theft
• ????? ???????? ?????? Harrassment
• ??????? Terrorism
• ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? Digital Divide

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?????

• ????????? ??? ??????
• ????????? ?????? ??????????
• ?????????????
• ????? ????
• ???????? ?????
• ????? ??????, ?????
• ?????? ?????? ????? (????? ????? ???? ???????)
• ????? Cooperation, Collaboration, Sharing

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Computer Assisted Teaching?
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????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????
?????? ????? Information sharing among teachers
????? ???? ?? ?????? (????? ?????? ????"???) ??
???????? ?????? Info flow from teachers (and
publishers) to students
????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
?????? Info flow among students
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??? ?????? (????????)Granularity
Program ??????
Course ????
Module ??????
Lesson ????
Component ?????
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??????? ?????? Proposed responses (Wikis),
QSIA, Games and Simulations
(????), ?????, ??????
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??? Wiki? What is a Wiki
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The Wisdom of Crowds
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QSIA - Questions, Sharing (Study), Interaction,
and Assessment
also means question in Hebrew
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????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????, ??????? ?????
?????? ???? QSIA is an open online system to
enable and study information sharing
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????
??????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. QSIA
operates in the e-learning domain. It fosters
learning collaboration via recommendation. It
was designed to enhance communities of both
teachers and learners
????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????, ?????, ?????,
????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ?? ???????, ??????, ??????? ????"?
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?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ?????, ???????
?????? ????? ??????? ???????? Research Interest
in information sharing, value of information, and
CMC in organizational contexts
?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????
?????? ??????? Pedagogical philosophy next
generation e-learning
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• ??????? ????? ???????
• ???? ???, ????? Scary
• ????, ????????? ??????? Costly
• ???? ???????, ???????? Complicated
• ????? ?????-??????? Discriminatory?
• ??? ?????? ?????
• ??? ?????? ?????? ????? Limited,
  limiting?

Disadvantages of online testing ?
Rafaeli, S. and Tractinsky, N. (1989)
"Computerized tests and time Measuring, Limiting
and providing visual cues for response time in
on-line questioning", Behaviour and Information
Technology, 8(5)335-351. Rafaeli, S. and
Tractinsky, N. (1991) "Time in computerized
tests A multitrait, multimethod investigation of
general-knowledge and mathematical reasoning
on-line examination," Computers in Human
Behavior, 7215-225. Hamilton, Klein, Lorie
(2002) Using Web-based testing for large scale
assessment http//www.rand.org/publications/IP/IP
196/IP196.pdf
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• ??????? ????? ???????
• ????? ???? ?????? ??????
• ????? ?????, ?????, ???
• ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????
  ???? ????? ?? ?????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ????????
• ????? ????, ????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ?????, ?????
  ?????? ???????
• ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????

Numerous Advantages of Online Testing!

• ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? (?????????)
• ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???
• ?????? ???? ????? ?????
• ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????
• ?????? ????? ?????
• ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????, ??? ?? ?????, ??? ??
• ????? ?????? ????????
• ?????? ?????? ????? ?????

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• ??????? ????? ???????
• ????? ???? ?????? ??????
• ????? ?????, ?????, ???
• ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????
  ???? ????? ?? ?????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ????????
• ????? ????, ????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????, ?????, ?????
  ?????? ???????
• ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????

Numerous Advantages of Online Testing!

• ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? (?????????)
• ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???
• ?????? ???? ????? ?????
• ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????
• ?????? ????? ?????
• ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????, ??? ?? ?????, ??? ??
• ????? ?????? ????????
• ?????? ?????? ????? ?????

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System Philosophy
????? ????? ???? ????????? QSIA serves 3 target
audiences ?????? Students ????? ?????? ??
??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??
??????. Independent studies, or via predefined
assignments ?????? Teachers ????? ????? ???
?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ??????
???????. Collaborative managing of knowledge
items, assignments ?????? (??????????????)
Administrators ????? ???? ??????? ???????
??????? Managing the knowledge and the groups
using it
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?????? ???????? ????? ????? "?????" ??????
?????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???. ?????
?????? ???????, ???/???, ?? ?????, ?????, ?????
????, ???? 20 ???? ?????. ??? ???? ????. ?????
?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???.
"??????" ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????,
?????? ????? ?????. "??????" ?????? ???? ?????
??? (??????) ????? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????
?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????,
?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. . "??????"
?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??????????
?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????,
??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ????????,
?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????
???????. "??????" ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
?? ????? ???.
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Qualities and advantages QSIA enables the
creation, storage and retrieval of a variety of
knowledge items. Questions can be open or closed,
true/false, multiple choice, matched pairs and 20
other forms. The system provides immediate
feedback. It emphasizes reuse and progressive
improvement of the materials. QSIA allows
multilingual and multimedia flexibility. QSIA
allows managing knowledge items in an efficient
manner, encouraging partners to add and delete to
their view of a common resource. QSIA allows
individual or guided learning. Sage on the Stage
to Guide on the Side to Colleague in the League.
Both online and offline modes are available.
QSIA permits collaboration in the creation and
use of knowledge items.
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??????? ???? ????"? QSIA implementations In
Israel and abroad

• Over 5000 users, who are members in over 300
  groups.
• We have over 35,000 items, categorized in over
  100 knowledge areas.
• Hundreds of assignments have taken place in QSIA
  
• Chemistry teachers, several high schools
• Electronic Commerce courses, Graduate School of
  Business, Haifa, Israel, Industrial Engineering
  and Management, Technion Rafael industries
  Cyprus International Institute of Managememnt
  University of Michigan Ben Gurion University
  New Jersey Institute of Technology.
• English for undergraduates, all Universities in
  Israel
• Organizational Behavior course, Technion,
  Haifa, Israel.
• MIS course, the school for practical
  engineering, Ruppin College, Israel Ben Gurion
  Bar Ilan
• Turkish Language course, the Faculty of
  Humanities, Univ. of Haifa, Israel
• General and Systematic Pathology course, The
  Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Israel
• Initial work on use in History, Literacy,
  Computer Literacy and a few other domains.
• Statistics, Research Methods, more

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PAPERS ON QSIA

• 1. Rafaeli, S., Dan-Gur, Y. Barak, M. (2005).
  Finding friends among recommenders Social and
  "Black-Box" recommender systems", International
  Journal of Distance Education Technologies
  (IJDET), Special Issue on Knowledge Management
  Technologies for E-learning Exploiting Knowledge
  Flows and Knowledge Networks for Learning, 3(2),
  30-47.
• 2. Barak, M. Rafaeli, S. (2004). Online
  question-posing and peer-assessment as means for
  web-based knowledge sharing in learning,
  International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,
  61(1), 84-103.
• 3. Rafaeli, S., Barak, M., Dan-Gur, Y. and Toch,
  E. (2004). QSIA - A web-based environment for
  learning, assessing and knowledge sharing in
  communities, 43(3), 273-289.
• 4. Rafaeli, S., Barak, M. Dan-Gur, Y. Toch E.
  (2003). Knowledge sharing and online assessment,
  E-Society Proceedings of the 2003 IADIS
  conference IADIS e-Society 2003, pp. 257-266.
• 5. Rafaeli, S., Dan-Gur, Y., Noy, A., Raban, D.,
  Ravid, G. (2002). Simulations in Internet
  ResearchValue and Sharing of Information, Social
  Facilitation, Friends and Neighbors. A panel in
  AoIR 3.0, Maastricht, Netherlands.(unpublished).
• 6. Rafaeli, S., Dan-Gur, Y. (2002). Advising
  Groups in Recommender Systems, Proceedings of the
  Doctoral Consortium in the 6th Pacific Asia
  Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2002),
  Tokyo, Japan.

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Some Initial Research Findings

• Rafaeli, S., Barak, M., Dan-Gur, Y. and Toch, E.
  (2004) QSIA - A Web-based environment for
  learning, assessing and knowledge sharing in
  communities, Computers and Education
• Barak, M. Rafaeli, S. (2004) Online
  Question-Posing and Peer-Assessment as Means for
  Web-based Knowledge Sharing in Learning,
  International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
• Rafaeli, S., Dan-Gur, Y. And Barak, M. (2005)
  "Finding friends among recommendersSocial and
  "Black-Box" recommender systems", Journal of
  Distance Education Technologies, Vol. 2, N. 4
  Special Issue on Knowledge Management
  Technologies for E-learning Exploiting knowledge
  flows and knowledge networks for learning.
• Dan-Gur3, ,Y. Arnon Afek, Iris Barshack, Edward
  C. Klatt, Sheizaf Rafaeli 3, PhD Ilan Hammel
  (in press, 2008) Constructivism as a Paradigm for
  Teaching and Learning Pathology. Academic Medicine

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?????? ?????, ?????? ???????

• ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????
• ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????
• ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ???? ????? ??????? ????? (????????, ??????)
• ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
• ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????
  ?? ????????
• ????
  ????? ??????? (?????? ???? ?????)

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QSIA as a Recommender System

• Recommender Systems (a.k.a reputation or
  colaboration systems) recommend, in a
  personalized manner, relevant items to users from
  large number of alternatives.
• Working examples web resources, movies, books,
  tourism choices
• Is it all about frivolity?
• What about risky choices?

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Are RS Oracles?

• Mostly social - track what others rank as
  high/low.
• Personalized know something about what I
  like/dislike.
• Assume those who liked what I liked, should act
  as my future recommending group.
• (collaboratve filtering)
• Compute correlations (to identify my
  recommenders).

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QSIA Recommender System Research
QuestionsFRIENDS OR NEIGHBORS?

• What are users' preferences concerning control
  over the recommendation process. Acceptance of
  recommendations from a "computerized oracle?
• Does the attitude of the recommendation seeker
  obey social rules, specificaly, the "Social
  Comparison Theory".
• What are the characteristics of members of the
  'friends group' that are chosen by the user.

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The Research Method

• A two-year long field study, using QSIA.
• We developed a five-stage conceptual model of
  users' interaction with the recommendation module
  of QSIA that describes the processes of
  'neighbors' and 'friends' recommendations seeking
  that the system supports

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The Research Method
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Variables Analysis

• Our main dependent variables were the "source of
  recommendation (SoR)" (namely either 'friends
  group' or 'neighbors group'), the ratios of
  accepted and rejected items in each
  recommendations seeking instance, and the users'
  choices of the friends' characteristics (group,
  grade level, and role).
• The independent variables were the iteration
  number of the recommendations seeking and the
  SoR.

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Invitation
???? ?????? ??????!
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Invitation
  
http//qsia.org