May 1, 2005 Skirball Cultural Center 2701 N Sepulveda Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90049 Tel. 3104404500 Be - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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May 1, 2005 Skirball Cultural Center 2701 N Sepulveda Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90049 Tel. 3104404500 Be

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Title: May 1, 2005 Skirball Cultural Center 2701 N Sepulveda Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90049 Tel. 3104404500 Be


1
May 1, 2005 Skirball Cultural Center2701 N
Sepulveda Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90049 Tel.
310-440-4500Between Triumph and Pathos
Memories of Jewish Refugee WomenPRESENTATION BY
Andreas Lixl, PhDUniversity of North Carolina
at Greensboro
2
Salka Viertel 18891978
Marta Feuchtwanger 1893-1987
3

World War I destroyed the Austrian and German
empires. New republics emerged in central Europe.
Returning soldiers in 1918
The start of the Weimar Republic 1918-1919.
Street fights between communists and nationalists
in Berlin and Munich.
4
Inflation, unemployment, hunger, and poverty were
widespread in central Europe between 1919-1922.
The inflation climaxed in 1922, when the currency
exchange rate for 1 US Dollar was more than 4
billion German Marks.
5
Lise Meitner Nuclear Physicist 1878-1968 She
was the first woman to hold a professorship at a
German university (1922). Meitner fled from
Berlin in 1938 and survived the war as a refugee
in Sweden.
6
Marta Feuchtwanger Born in Munich, Germany in
1893
Salka Viertel Born in Sambor, Poland (then
Austria) in 1889

7
Marta and Lion Feuchtwanger during the Weimar
Years
8
The New Sobriety
9
The Triumphant Twenties
10
Modern Advertisement 1929 Ready-Made Clothing
The Road to Success
11
Weimar Artists and Writers
  • Bertolt Brecht
  • Helene Weigel
  • Arnold Schoenberg
  • Thomas Mann
  • Fritz Lang
  • Albert Einstein
  • Lion Feuchtwanger
  • Berthold Viertel
  • Marlene Dietrich

12
Salka Berthold Viertel and Weimar Theater
Salka, a talented young actress, met her husband
while she was working for the Max Reinhardt
Theater Company in Austria and Germany.
Berthold Viertel
Max Reinhardt (1873-1943) achieved widespread
recognition for his theater work in Berlin,
Salzburg, New York City, and Hollywood.
13
Weimar Democracy and the Arts
Black Ballet
Jazz Satire Within the Quota U.S.
Immigration Laws
Wagner on the radio
Little Tramp as hero
14
John Heartfields anti-Nazi photomontage The
real meaning of the Hitler salute1932
15
Transit
16
The Looming Crisis
Album cover "What the SA Man Sings." Nazi Songs,
1930. The Nazis became the largest party in
1932. President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as
German Chancellor in January 1933. Hitler soon
abolished parliamentary procedures, dissolved the
office of President, and declared himself leader
of the Third Reich, thereby ending the Weimar
Republic.
17
The Nazi Revolution
  • Mother and Child Welfare
  • Working Women's Groups
  • We Fortify Body and Soul
  • 10-Year-Olds Join us!
  • The German Student
  • Strength through Joy

18
Life in Transit
This photo album contains pictures taken by
passengers aboard the ocean liner SS. St. Louis,
with a depiction of the ship on the cover. In
1939, this cruise ship left Hamburg, Germany,
carrying almost 1000 Jewish refugees on the way
to Cuba. The ship was forced to return to Europe,
however, after Cuba refused the refugees entry
into the country. US Holocaust Museum,
Washington D.C.)
19
Refugees from Nazi-Germany
  • Soviet Union 250,000
  • USA 190,000
  • Palestine 120,000
  • Britain 65,000
  • Argentine 50,000
  • Shanghai 25,000
  • Brazil 25,000

Paraguay 20,000 Switzerland 16,000 Portugal
15,000 Chile 14,000 Bolivia 12,000 Spain
12,000 South Africa 8,000 Cuba 4,500
20
Refugees
.
21
Transit Camps in France
Marta was imprisoned in Gurs (right), Lion in Les
Milles in 1940.
22
Gurs was a transit and concentration camp in
France, first constructed for Spanish
Republicans, socialists, and communists, and then
for Jewish refugees, arrested and guarded by
French police.
23
1937 Settlement near Tel Aviv
24
Zionists in Israel
Margot und Alfred Bloch in the Kibbutz
Givat-Brenner in 1934
25
Exile Pathos and Triumph
26
Bertolt Brecht
After spending 14 years in exile (Scandinavia,
Russia, U.S.) Brecht returned to Berlin in 1947,
where he founded a theater company with his wife,
the actor Helene Weigel.
27
Immigrant Newspaper
28
Viertel, Einstein, Chaplin
29
The Émigré Community in L.A.
  • Feuchtwangers Villa Aurora in Pacific Palisades
  • Viertels house in Santa Monica
  • Einsteins bicycle

Einstein rides a bicycle at the home of Ben Meyer
in Santa Barbara in February 1933.
30
165 Mabery Road, Santa Monica
Salka Viertels literary salon became a home a
way from home for the famous and the forgotten
who welcomed the open and free atmosphere of her
Sunday gatherings at Mabery Road.
31
Viertels and Feuchtwangers Legacies
The Kindness of Strangers
32
Eleonor Roosevelts letter to Marta Feuchtwanger
regarding Lions rescue from a French internment
camp
33
Feuchtwangers Villa Aurora
34
Californian Stories from German and Jewish Émigré
Communities
  • Villa Aurora, the Foundation for European
    American Relations, and two filmmakers, Mariel
    McEwan and Sergio Palermo, have joined forces to
    collect stories drawing upon the life experiences
    of German and Jewish émigré communities of
    California.
  • Ten oral histories, five from each group will be
    taped and archived on CD/DVD and the web site
    UncommonFriendship.com.
  • The Central Branch of the Los Angeles Library,
    Villa Aurora and The Crafts and Folk Arts Museum
    will host free public discussions of the material

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