Drug

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Drug Alcohol Testing Alliance (DATA)

• Prescription and
• Over-The-Counter
• Drug Use

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Our Purpose

• Educate employees of the risks associated with
  prescription, over-the-counter and herbal
  supplement use.
  
• Emphasize safety.

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Cause for Concern

• Some side effects of Rx and OTC medications can
  be a safety issue when taken by safety-sensitive
  employees.
  

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Definition

• Prescription drugs (Rx) are medications which
  require written authorization for use by a
  healthcare professional whose license permits
  them to prescribe medication.
• Must include
• Patients name
• Name of substance
• Quantity/amount dispensed
• Instructions on dosage, frequency, and method of
  administration
  
• Refills
• Date

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Prescription Medications

• Analgesics (Pain Medications)
• Antidepressants
• Anti-Motion Sickness
• Barbiturates
• Muscle Relaxants
• Tranquilizers Sedatives

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Analgesics-Pain Medicines

• Aspirin w/Codeine
• Codeine
• Darvocet
• Darvon
• Demerol
• Dilaudid
• Empirim w/Codeine

• Lovo-Dromoran
• Methadone
• Morphine
• Percocet
• Talwin
• Tylenol w/Codeine
• Vicodin

Can cause drowsiness, slower reaction time,
mental confusion, anxiety, agitation, dizziness,
sleepiness, blurred vision, agitation, or muscle
spasm.
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Antidepressants

• Adapin
• Amitriptyline
• Asendin
• Deprol
• Desyrel
• Elavil
• Endep

• Etrafon
• Limbitrol
• Lithium
• Ludiomil
• Marplan
• Nardil
• Norpramin

• Pamelor
• Parnate
• Petrofrane
• Sinequan
• Tofranil
• Triavil
• Vivactil

Can cause seizures, hallucinations, delusions,
disorientation, tremors, anxiety and restlessness.
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Anti-Motion Sickness

• Antivert
• Draminmine
• Phenergan
• Transderm-Scop

Can Cause drowsiness, restlessness,
over-excitement, nervousness, hallucinations and
blurred vision.
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Barbiturates

• Alurates
• Butisol
• Dilantin
• Mebaral
• Nembutal
• Pentobarbital

• Phenobarbital
• Secobarbital
• Seconal
• Sedapap
• Tuinal

Can cause drowsiness, lethargy, hang-over,
excitement, dizziness, twitching, mental
confusion, decreased coordination, blurred
vision, shallow and slow breathing.
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Muscle Relaxers

• Flexeril
• Paranfon Forte
• Soma

• Lioresal
• Robaxin
• Norflex

Can cause drowsiness, fatigue, nervousness,
confusion, dizziness, visual disturbances,
seizures, tachycardia, fainting, tremors,
agitation and fast drop in blood pressure.
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Tranquilizers Sedatives

• Ativan
• Benadryl
• Centrax
• Compazine
• Dalane
• Diazepam
• Equani

• Halcion
• Haldol
• Libritabs
• Libruim
• Limbitrol
• Paxipam
• Phenergan

• Prolixin
• Serax
• Thorazine
• Tranxene
• Valium
• Xanax

Can cause drowsiness, amnesia, agitation,
sedation, dizziness, weakness, unsteadiness,
disorientation and visual disturbances.

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Retention Times of Drugs in Urine
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Mandatory Reportable Drugs with Restrictions

• There are prescription drugs which may require
  restrictions, with typical constraints, that you
  must report the use of that drug to your
  employer.
• Constraint means the time between when you take
  the medication and perform your safety-sensitive
  job.

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Note Effects of other medications or alcohol
may alter stated constraints

• Drug Constraint Time
• Lotab 8 hrs.
• Meperdine 8 hrs.
• Mepergan 8 hrs.
• Meprobamate 8 hrs.
• Morphine 8 hrs.
• Naldecon 6 hrs.
• Norgesic 8 hrs.
• Percocet/Percoddan 8 hrs.
• Phenergan 8 hrs.
• Pyridium 6 hrs.
• Reglan 12 hrs.
• Skelaxin 6 hrs.
• Talwin 8 hrs.
• Tylenol/codiene 8 hrs.
• Valium 48 hrs.
• Vicodin 8 hrs.

• Drug Constraint Time
• Antivert 24 hrs.
• Atarax 8hrs.
• Benedryl 6 hrs.
• Codiene 6 hrs.
• Compazine 8 hrs.
• Darvocet 6 hrs.
• Darvon 6 hrs.
• Demerol 8 hrs.
• Empirin/codiene 6 hrs.
• Equagesic 8 hrs.
• Flexeril 8 hrs.
• Hydrocodone 8 hrs.
• Hyphen 8 hrs.
• Levsin 12 hrs.
• Lioresal 8 hrs.
• Lomotil 6 hrs.

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Most Commonly Abused Drugs
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Definition

• Over-The-Counter (OTC) medications are any legal,
  non-prescription substance taken for relief of
  discomforting symptoms.
  
• The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  determines whether medicines are prescription or
  nonprescription.

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Over-the-Counter(Antihistamines)

• Benadryl
• Bromfed
• Chlrotrimeton
• Claritin-D
• Comtrex
• Contac

• Dimetapp
• Dristan
• Drixoral
• Naldecon
• Nasahist-B
• Novafed

• Ornade
• Phenergan
• Sinubid
• Sinulin
• Travist-D
• Zyrtec

Can cause drowsiness, confusion, dizziness,
sedation, sleepiness, loss of coordination,
fatigue, tremors, nervousness, seizures, heart
arrhythmias, disorientation, irritability,
anxiety and stimulation.
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Herbal Supplements

• Surveys show that more than one-half of the U.S.
  adult population uses dietary supplements.
  
• FDA does not authorize or test dietary
  supplements.
  
• Supplements cannot be marketed for treatment,
  cure or prevention of a disease.
  

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Example of Herbal Supplements
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Examples of Increased Use of OTC Herbal Drugs

• Aging workforce with increased prescribed
  long-term and multiple prescriptions.
  
• Employees without sick time or dont have
  health/prescription insurance coverage.
  
• Accessibility of drugs from on-line pharmacies,
  doctor shopping and pharmacy theft.
  

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Effects of Combining Drugs

• Unpredictable Reactions
• Magnified Reactions
• Physical Trauma (brain damage, stroke, heart
  attack)
  
• Death

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Drugs that have dangerous consequences when
combined

• Alcohol
• Prescription Drugs
• PCP other Hallucinogens
• Over-the Counter Drugs

• Marijuana
• Amphetamines
• Opiates
• Cocaine

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Use All Medications Safely

• Always follow medication directions safely.
• Dont increase or decrease doses without talking
  to your doctor.
  
• Dont stop taking medication on your own.
• Dont crush or break pills.
• Be clear about the drugs effects on driving and
  other daily tasks.
  
• Learn about the drugs potential interactions
  with other prescription medicines and
  over-the-counter medicines.
  
• Dont use other peoples prescription medications
  and dont share yours.

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Read the Label

• Labels tell you what a medicine is suppose to
  do,
  
• who should, or should not take it, and
• how to use the medicine
• Age categories
• How much to take
• How to take the medicine
• How often to take the medicine
• How long to take the medicine

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New OTC Medicine Label
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Your ResponsibilityGood labeling cant help
unless you read it and use the information.Its
up to you to be informed and to use all
medications and supplements wisely and
responsibly.
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Employers Goal

• Not intended to force employees in need of
  medical attention to work or keep employees off
  duty for receiving treatment of a medical
  condition.
• Goal is to balance the treatment of medical
  conditions and the requirements of performing
  safety-sensitive job duties.
  

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DATA Disclaimer

• The information provided herein should be used
  only as a guideline and does not constitute
  Federal Regulations. Sound medical knowledge and
  understanding of pharmacological properties of
  prescription and over-the-counter medications,
  and a detailed knowledge of an employees medical
  history and safety-sensitive job duties must
  guide the final assessment of the potential risks
  to the public.