Kingdom

1
(No Transcript)
2
Kingdom Plantae
3
Plants were the 1st organisms to live on dry land
4
Phylogeny of Plantae
5
What kinds of adaptations would be necessary to
transition from marine to terrestrial life?
6
Plant Reproduction
early ? SPORES later ? UNCOVERED
SEEDS latest ? COVERED SEEDS
7
The earliest plants did not have specialized struc
tures for transporting and
distributing water to all of the cells
of the plant
8
This fact LIMITED the size to which these plants
could grow
9
(No Transcript)
10
Phylum (or Division) BRYOPHYTA
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Simple moss-like plants were the transitional
organisms between life in the seas and life on
dry land
14
The first terrestrial plants appeared about 400
450 million years ago fairly recently from
the perspective of evolutionary time!
15
Mosses are very simple plants (theyre not much
more than adapted, complex, multicellular green
algae!)
16
Bryophytes have ?no roots, ?no stems, ?no
leaves
17
So how can they get water to all of their
cells? How does this factor affect the SIZE to
which they can grow?
18
Bryophytes typically grow best in places that
are moist, cool, and shady
19
Bryophytes (and, in fact, all plants) reproduce
by a process called ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
20
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
21
And now, a movie on The life cycle of mosses
http//www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/anisamples/ma
jorsbiology/moss.html
22
Alternation of Generations in mosses
23
(No Transcript)
24
? sporophytes
gametophytes ?
25
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS

• ? GAMETOPHYTES
• ? Haploid cells
• ? Sexual phase of reproduction
• ? Begins with (n) spore
• ? Ends with (n) gametes uniting to form a (2n)
  zygote

• ? SPOROPHYTES
• ? Diploid cells
• ? Asexual phase of reproduction
• ? Begins with (2n) zygote
• ? Ends with (n) spores being formed by meiosis

26
? moss archegonia
Gametophyte structures
moss antheridia ?
27
EVOLUTIONARY ADVANCE
PLANTS DEVELOP VASCULAR SYSTEMS
28
FERNS AN EXAMPLE OF EARLY TRACHEOPHYTES
http//www.britannica.com/eb/art-68472
29
Presence of a vascular system removes the
limitation in height that existed for bryophytes
30
Tracheophytes can now colonize terrestrial areas
that bryophytes could not
31
Because of the shape of their leaflets, ferns
are called
PTEROPHYTES
32
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS IN FERNS
1) http//www.britannica.com/eb/art-83809

2) http//www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio21
3/plants.html ?
scroll down to SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
PTERPHYTA, choose See the Movie

33
FERNS alternation of generations
34
Rhizome underground body of the fern sporophyte
35
Fern Sporophyte
note SORI (sing., sorus)
36
Fern sporangia
37
spores ?
sporangia
38
Mosses and ferns are HOMOSPOROUS (all spores
produced are identical)
39
The
Fern GAMETOPHYTE
40
(No Transcript)
41
From the GAMETOPHYTE
comes the SPOROPHYTE
42
(No Transcript)
43
1
2
3
From the SPOROPHYTE
4
comes the GAMETOPHYTE
5
44
ANTHOPHYTES (flowering
plants) 1. CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONES 2.
CLASS DICOTYLEDONES
45
(No Transcript)