Fungi

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Fungi

• 3/12/2008

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Essential Questions for Fungi

• What is a Fun Gi?

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Vocabulary

• fruiting body
• sporangium
• ascus
• chitin
• hypha
• mycelium
• rhizoid
• stolon
• basidium
• saprobe
• lichen
• mycorrhiza

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Definition

• Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls made
  of chitin. (Same chemical that is found in
  insects)
• Dont ingest!
• They digest food outside their body then absorb
  it!
• Some are parasites.

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Characteristics

• Type of cell Eukaryotic
• Number of cells Multi-cellular except yeasts
• Habitat Damp warm places
• Structure
• Composed of filaments called hyphae
• Fruiting body is a reproductive structure
• Mycelium is a tangled mass of hyphae
• Absorbs food
• Makes up body

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Branching Out

• How are fungi spread?
• Spores must land in a favorable environment.
• Reproduction
• Asexual hyphae break off from a fungus begin
  to grow on their own and/or produce spores.
• Sexual Labeled as () or (-), reproduction
  occurs when hyphae of opposite mating types meet.

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Classification

• Classification Based on structure and method of
  reproduction
• Common molds
• Phylum Zygomycota
• Grow on meat, cheese, and bread
• Black bread mold Rhizopus stolonifer
• Stolons stemlike hyphae on surface of bread
• Rhizoid rootlike hyphae that penetrate surface
  of bread. Anchor, release enzymes absorb
  digested matter.

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Sac Fungi

• Phylum Ascomycota
• Have an ascus, which produces the spore, 2
  different kinds of spore are produced depending
  on conditions
• Largest phylum with 30,000 species
• Includes yeast (unicellular) which reproduces by
  budding
• Bread rises b/c yeast produces carbon dioxide

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Club Fungi

• Phylum Basidiomycota
• Diverse phyla
• Mushrooms are in these phyla
• Have gills, cap, stalk, and base
• Also includes shelf fungi puff balls
• Growth is due to cell enlargement not cell
  division
• Mushrooms produce billions of spores, while
  puffballs produce trillions
• They are present in the ground and push above
  when conditions are right (moisture is the biggie)

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Club fungus drawing
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Imperfect Fungi

• Phylum Deuteromycota (dont appear to have sexual
  reproduction)
• Cannot be placed in any other phylum because
  their type of reproduction cannot be determined
• Examples include Bleu cheese (Penicillium mold)
  and Aspergillus (soy sauce)

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Lichens/Mycorrizae

• Mycorrizae have a mutualistic relationship with
  plants (aid in absorbing water nutrients),
  while plants provide fungi with products of
  photosynthesis
• Lichens have a symbiotic relationship between a
  photosynthetic organism a fungus (sac or club)
• Fungus provides protection and water
• Algae or bacteria provide food

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Other tidbits

• Fungi are found in every ecosystem
• Some parasitic fungi cause animal plant
  diseases (corn smut, mildew, wheat rust,
  ringworm, athletes foot, yeast infections, and
  thrush)