Basic Art Test Review

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Basic Art Test Review
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The seven art elements are
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the basic building blocks in making art. Some or
all of them are used by the artist as they create
their work.
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Can you list them without any clues?Try that now.
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L _ _ _
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LINE Line is the path of a moving point. Lines
define the edges of shapes and forms.  
(contour)Examples of lines made in art zig
zag, straight, curvy, spiral, loopy.
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S _ _ _ _
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ShapeAn enclosed space defined by other elements
of art. Shape is an area enclosed by line. It is
2 dimensional and can be geometric or
organic.Examples circle, square, triangle,
heart, star, etc. ORgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtyou might have
guessed another art element that starts with S
and has five letters
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S paceSpace is the illusion of depth on the
2-dimensional surface. This is achieved through
overlapping, perspective, diminishing size or
detail.
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C _ _ _ _
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C o l o rColor is the response of the eye to
differing wavelengths of radiation within the
visible spectrum. Examples Red,
OrangeYellow,Green,Blue,Violet, Brown,
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T _ _ _ _ _ _
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TextureThe surface quality or feel of an
object such as roughness, smoothness, or
softness.
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F
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F o r mThree dimensional shape inferring or
enclosing volume.Examples cylinder, sphere,
cube, cone.
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V _ _ _ _
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V a l u edescribes the lightness or darkness of
a color. Value is needed to express volume.
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ART ELEMENTS- the basic building blocks for art.

• L
• S
• S
• C
• T
• F
• V

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• Line
• Shape
• Space
• Color
• Form
• Value
• Texture

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Art with line as a dominant art element
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Student example of contour drawing- a contour
line defines the edges of a shape and sometimes
indicates form.
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Student art showing project focusing on
expressive line with charcoal as the media and
the use of pathways ( rhythm and movement) or
focal point/emphasis.
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Art with shape as a dominant art element
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Art with Form as a dominant art element
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Student art showing use of form and cross
contour lines and shading ( value). Forms
sphere, cube, cylinder, cone
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Art with Color as a predominant art element
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Art with Texture as a predominant art element
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Art with space/depth as a predominant art element
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Art with Value as a predominant art element
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COLOR T HEORY

• The name that can help you remember the order of
  the color spectrum is

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R o y G B (i)V

• Red
• Orange
• Yellow
• Green
• Blue
• ( Indigo- which is an unseen color in the
  spectrum.)
• Violet ( purple)

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Color Theory

• Using ROY G BV
• Put them in order around a circle to create a
  color wheel.
• Once they are in place add the tertiary colors
  inbetween.

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R
V
O
B
Y
G
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R O Y G B V

• The primary colors are the first colors- the
  colors you use to make all other colors but that
  cannot be made. The first initial of ROY G BV is
  a PRIMARY (first) color.
• The second color is a secondary color, the color
  made when two primary colors are mixed together
  in equal amounts.
• They proceed alternately primary, secondary,
  primary, secondary etc.

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R O Y G B V

• If you can remember this order and put it in a
  circle you will also know how the colors are
  made.
• Orange is between the two colors that make it-
  red and yellow.
• So green is made by mixing its two neighbors and
  violet by mixing its two.

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R O Y G B V

• The first three colors are WARM colors.
• The last three colors are COOL colors.
• Artists use warm and cool colors for effects.

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Y
O
G
R
B
V
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You can also tell the complements by the order in
the name ROY GBV ROY GBV ROY GBVIf you
put ROY G BV around a circle you find the
complements are opposite each other on the color
wheel. Complementary colors will look very
bright when put side by side or make a duller
color when mixed together.
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Analogous colors are next to each other on the
color wheel and have one color in common. They
always look good together and create a harmonious
effect. This is one of the color schemes we
studied.
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R O Y G B V

• Name the primary colors.
• Name the secondary colors.
• What two colors make orange?
• What are the warm colors?
• What are the cool colors?
• What is the complement of Red?
• Give an example of three analogous colors.
• Name one tertiary color.

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BUT WHAT ABOUT BLACK AND WHITE?

• Black makes a color darker- a shade
• White makes a color lighter- a tint
• Black and White are Non colors- they modify a
  color.
• Black and White can create value in colors.
• Black and white make gray so mixing both with a
  color will gray down a color.

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A shade

• Color plus black
• Clue Its darker in the shade- we shade with a
  pencil to put in the darker parts on a white
  paper.
• Navy blue is a shade of blue
• Maroon is a shade of ___

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A Tint

• Color plus white
• Pink is a tint of red
• Lavender is a tint of violet

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And what about brown?

• Various browns are made by mixing all three
  primary colors together. Red, Blue and Yellow
  make brown. Mixing complements together will also
  work because you are basically mixing all three
  primaries with those two colors. Orange (R,Y)
  mixed with Blue will make a brown. Black and
  white can modify your browns to make them lighter
  or darker.

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Color! Student work using primary colors to mix.
Shape, line, color
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Other terms used in connection with the art
elements
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The line where the earth meets the sky is called

• The horizon line.
• The horizon line is used to help create the
  illusion of space or depth. The horizon line is
  always at eye level of the observer.

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A way to use value in a drawing to create form,
and texture by shading in a very smooth realistic
way is called
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Blending
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A way to use value in a drawing to indicate form
or texture that used Xs is called
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Cross hatching
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A way to use value in a drawing to indicate form
or texture that used dots placed either close
together or more spread apart is called
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Stippling
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Three drawing techniques that use value to create
the illusion of texture or form are
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• Blending
• Cross Hatching
• Stippling

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This is an example of
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stippling
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This is an example of
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blending
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This is an example of
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Cross hatching
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All three methods use lights and darks ( value)
to create the illusion of form and texture.All
of the methods can be done in any color and for
any subject.
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Cross hatching stippling or blending?
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Cross hatching
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stippling, blending or cross hatching?
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blending
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Blending, stippling or cross hatching?
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stippling
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stippling student art
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Pop Art by students using dots- a form of
stippling.
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Forms-Blending
Shading- using value
Use of color
Space- overlapping
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Art work with nature or outdoor scenery as the
subject is called
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Landscape
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Student work a study of Van Gogh Rembrandt
Landscape cross hatching textural line
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Art work portraying a particular person is called
a?
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Portrait
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Student Fauve Faces
Fauve Art- faces in proportion Fauve- "Wild
Beasts" Henri Matisse worked in the Fauve style-
wild color
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Art work of inanimate objects or things that
dont move is called a
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Still life
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The things artists use to create their art is
called
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Media
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• a graphic or mathematical system that creates the
  illusion of space/depth on a two dimensional
  surface is called

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Perspective
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Three kinds of perspective

• The names for the three kinds of perspective come
  from the number of vanishing points each one uses
  and the view point of the observer.

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What is a vanishing point?
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A vanishing point is the place on a picture plane
where all lines converge and disappear from view.
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One point perspective

• One vanishing point
• The observer is looking directly at the front of
  the subjects in the scene.

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Two point perspective

• Two vanishing points
• The observer can see two sides of the scene or
  object.

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Three Point Perspective

• 3 vanishing points
• The viewer is seeing both sides but is also
  looking way up or way down on the scene.

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1 point 2 point or 3 point?
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1
The point is at the end of the hall.
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1 point 2 point Or 3 point?
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3
Point
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1, 2 or 3 point perspective?
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2
two
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1,2 or 3 point perspective?
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3 point perspective
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1,2 or 3?
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TWO POINT Perspective
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one
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one
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Student Work using one point perspective
And Analogous Colors
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Two Point Perspective
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3
perspective
point
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Other ways artists show depth or space in their
art work are
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Overlapping- making it appear that one object is
in front of or behind another by not showing it
all. The bottom of the object further away will
appear further up on the picture plane and the
object further away will be partially obscured or
hidden.
The lemon starts lower on the page than the
silver pitcher. The ornate vase is partially
hidden by the silver pitcher. The plate starts
lower than the platter.
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2. Diminishing detail. Artists will use
atmospheric effect and put less detail in the
background of an artwork to indicate space.
Notice how you see so much detail in the flowers
in the bottom front of the photo but the colors
and details fade as you look back towards the
horizon line.
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In this painting you may note that the path way
utilized one point perspective, the bush overlaps
the house and starts lower on the canvas and
there is less detail in the house and trees in
the distance. All of this helps to indicate the
illusion of space or depth.
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How has the artist achieved the illusion of depth
in this painting? Do you see perspective,
overlapping or diminishing detail?
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The buildings are either in one point or two
point perspective. Perspective is also used to
determine the scale of the boat as compared to
the blue building to its left and the river is
in perspective. The buildings of the distance
are very vague. The sails overlap some of those
buildings. The tree overlaps the pink house and
the pink house overlaps the blue one.
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Negative/Positive SPACE

• The objects or subject matter or a painting is
  the positive space.
• The empty air or space around the objects is
  called the negative space.
• If the negative space is interesting it helps the
  entire piece look good. The artist needs to pay
  attention to both the negative and positive space.

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In this poster by Lautrec the yellow area behind
the feathered hats is very important even though
it is negative space.
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He was a master at using positive and negative
space to effect. The figure divides the
background space into two interesting yellow
shapes.
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This artist made the photo of the street scene
into the negative space by cutting the bird like
images out of it. The result is that the white
areas become predominant and the photo becomes a
background.
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Annie Ding This piece evolved from an
assignment to make a peace poster using only the
word peace for text and tries to evoke a sense of
how simple the idea of peace is in contrast to
how difficult it is to attain. The doves are
meant to make the text appear subtly in the
negative space, while simple geometric shapes are
contrasted against the background photograph of
MIT students in protest against the war. The
light and shadows projected from the layers of
doves show some breaking free and flying off the
page.
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Student Work Negative/Positive Space Symmetrical,
Assymetrical Balance
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ART PRINCIPLES

• The way artists use the art elements. The way
  artists use line, shape, color, space, texture,
  value, and form.
• This list is often confusing because when you
  search on different sites or in different books
  you will see different lists. The more you know
  about art ,however, the more you see that all of
  the lists talk about the same things. All of the
  art principles are strongly related to each
  other. They are not separate in their use but
  are combined to achieve the whole.

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Art Principles

• UNITY is the quality of completeness a
  composition has. In a unified work of art, all
  the parts come together to form a whole one part
  of a composition feels like it belongs with the
  rest.
• Like taking a brick from a wall, a piece needs
  all the components or it might fall apart. An
  artist achieves unity by balancing all the
  aspects of the composition.Very often all of the
  art principles can be used to achieve a sense of
  unity. One simple way to achieve unity is
  repetition through color, shape, and texture.

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Unity is achieved in this Kandinsky painting by
the repetition of colors, and shapes. You see
many circles. The lines are mostly black. The
checkerboard motif is repeated. The background is
done in a deliberate mutetd value change.
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Art PrinciplesFocal Point/ emphasis

• an artist may decide to stress certain elements
  of the design over others to create a FOCAL POINT
  or emphasis. The eye of the viewer will focus
  on the area of EMPHASIS or center of interest
  first, then take in the rest of the composition.
• An artist creates emphasis through size, color,
  texture, and shape.
• The emphasis or focal point is basically what the
  eye sees first!

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The focal point would be the larger and bolder
circle in the left top corner. A second focal
point may be the large triangular line in the
center.
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Art Principles

• In connection with focal point or emphasis there
  may also be deliberate subordination or making
  other areas of the art work less visually
  interesting or subdued so as to add to the impact
  of the focal point. The artist may blur the
  background of a portrait so that the face truly
  stands out as the focal point/emphasis.

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The background color is deliberately soft as
compared to the shapes and lines that are the
subject of this abstract painting.
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Art Principles

• HARMONY and VARIETY are closely related because
  both involve combining the elements of art to
  create interest and guide the eye through the
  composition.
• HARMONY is a way of combining elements of art to
  accent their similarities and bind the picture
  parts into a whole. Harmony is SUBTLE.
• VARIETY gives a composition interest and
  vitality by abruptly changing an element.
  VARIETY, CONTRAST, and HARMONY work together to
  give UNITY.
• If there is no variety a work of art can be
  boring. If there is too much it can be chaotic.
• Harmony can be achieved by means of interesting
  ways the artist uses art elements to lead the
  viewers eye through the work by color, shape or
  subject pathways or connections.

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The artist definitely supplied us with variety as
a viewer but the pieces are tied together by
their unity or repetition. There is harmony in
the blending of the colors and the placement of
the similar shapes and lines.
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Art PrinciplesBalance

• Concern with equalizing visual elements in a work
  of art. The viewer feels that it is visially
  arranged in a satisfying way. If this is not
  achieved the viewer may feel as if the elements
  need to be re arranged.
• Types of balance include symmetrical, and
  assymetrical. Radial is a third type of balance
  sometimes related to symmetry.

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This painting is very definitely assymetrical. (
not the same on both sides of a real or implied
line. Do you feel it is balanced or visually
equal in weight on both sides? Sometimes an
artist will deliberately put a heavier object
on the left. This will often be balanced in our
eyes because we read from Left to right and so
objects that are heavy on the right will appear
even heavier.
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Art using symmetry to balance the composition.
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Radial balance- a form of symmetry.
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Art PrinciplesProportion/Scale

• The artist must be aware of the rules of
  measurement within a set subject such as drawing
  a house. It must be in scale or proportion using
  comparative size as measured against a standard
  reference.
• Sometimes, as in the case of surrealism it is
  proportion and scale being purposely distorted
  that makes the effect.
• Sometimes it is important in drawing human
  figures or architectural drawings that the artist
  follows standard rules of proportion and scale.

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On the left the artist uses scale and proportion
realistically while on the right the artist
distorts scale/proportion to create a surreal
effect.
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These artists, Sargent and Wyeth , use correct
proportion and scale.
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Art PrinciplesContrast

• The artist uses differences in art elements to
  make the different parts of the composition show
  up. This part is different in some way from the
  surrounding parts. Artists can create contrast
  through VALUE, COLOR, TEXTURE, and SHAPE.
• With color, complementary colors (red/green,
  yellow/purple, blue/orange) seem to vibrate when
  they are placed together in a composition and
  provide strong exciting contrast.
• Black is in high contrast to white. Value can be
  used to make strong or subtle contrast.

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There is a strong contrast between the white skin
and the black dress adding emphasis to the
painting. The dark line of the shadow and the
dress direct your eye to the face.The table is in
low contrast to the background in subordination
to the figure which is the focal point.
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Art Principles

• Pattern, Repetition, Movement, Rhythm
• Similar to a musical piece art can utilize
  repeated elements in a predictable way like a
  steady beat. (pattern) or use repetition to
  provide rhythm or movement throughout the art
  work like a melody provides rhythm and sequence
  to a song. Movement and rhythm in an art work
  will direct the viewers eye throughout the piece.
  
• Repetition Doing something more than once- for
  example, using color, shape or other art elements
  throughout the piece.
• Pattern designs with predictable repetition.
• Movement create a sense of motion by using
  lines, shapes, forms, and textures, or by
  combining elements of art to produce the look of
  action.
• Rhythm the regular repetition of elements of art
  to produce the look and feel of movement. The
  repetition of the elements invites the eye to
  jump rapidly or glide smoothly from one image to
  the next.

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Movement Rhythm Repetition
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The pattern adds variety
Strong use of pattern- predicable repetition
of shapes, colors or lines
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Art Principles

• Unity
• Harmony/Variety
• Proportion/Scale-strongly related to space/depth
• Balance-Assymetrical, Symmetrical, Radial
• Contrast
• Pattern, Repetition
• Rhythm, Movement
• Emphasis, Focal Point
• Subordination

• The artist uses many ways to compose the art work
  and achieve their expressive goal.

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Unity Harmony/Variety Proportion/Scale Balance- Co
ntrast Pattern, Repetition Rhythm,
Movement Emphasis/ Focal Point Subordination
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Unity Harmony/Variety Proportion/Scale-strongly
related to space/depth Balance-Assymetrical,
Symmetrical, Radial Contrast Pattern,
Repetition Rhythm, Movement Emphasis, Focal
Point Subordination
Unity Harmony/Variety Proportion/Scale-strongly
related to space/depth Balance-Assymetrical,
Symmetrical, Radial Contrast Pattern,
Repetition Rhythm, Movement Emphasis, Focal
Point Subordination
Unity? Variety Contrast? Balance? Repetition? Harm
ony?