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Purpose of intervention
Comparisons between European port organisations
The northern European models and the Spanish
model (Port of Barcelona)
The Italian model (Port of Genoa)
The different organisational structures influence
the competitive positions of each port in
relation to its competitors
2
Italian ports (Port of Genoa)
Port authority after the law n. 84 of 28th
January 1994
State Administration
Port entity prior to the law n. 84 of 28th
January 1994

• programmes the economic and territorial
  development of the port
• directs, promotes and controls the execution of
  port operations, including port safety
• carries out the normal and the unforeseen
  maintenance of the shared facilities
• determines the responsibility for activities
  within the port other than port operations
• supervises the execution of port operations and
  monitors the tariffs as charged by port companies
  
• determines which companies manage the shared
  general services
• does not intervene in port operational
  activities - such operations are reserved for the
  private companies

• policing activity and port security
• the administration of State property (within the
  port)
• berthing arrangements, fire precautions and
  services, towage
• marshalling of rolling stock
• the role of the entrepreneur

3

• ecological services
• cruise and ferry facilities
• information technology
• general maintenance of shared facilities
• ship repair facilities

Shared general services
4
Ancona Augusta Bari Brindisi Cagliari
Catania Civitavecchia Genoa Gioia Tauro La
Spezia Leghorn ManfredoniaMarina di Carrara
Messina
Naples Olbia - Golfo Aranci Palermo Piombino
Ravenna Salerno Savona Taranto
Trapani Trieste Venice
Port Authorities in Italy
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5
The port authoritys constitution
the President
the Secretariat-general
the Port Committee
the State comptroller and auditor-general
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• is responsible for the submission of the port
  master plan and the three year operational plan
  to the legally defined authorities
• issues the authorisations and allocates the
  concessions
• co-ordinates and supervises the authorised and
  allocated activities
• is responsible for the administration of State
  property
• is responsible for all matters of navigational
  safety within the port

President
(nominated by the Minister of Transport)
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Port Committee

• to approve the three year operational plan
• to adopt the Port Master Plan
• to approve the annual financial report and the
  projected budget
• to consider the proposed authorisations and
  allocations of concessions
• to consider, nominate and dismiss the
  Secretary-General
• to consider the composition of the technical and
  operational secretariat

Functions
Composition

• President
• Secretary-General
• Harbour Master (Vice President)
• 6 institutional representatives
• 6 representatives of the following organisations
  ship owners, the local confederation of industry,
  cargo handling companies, freight
  forwarders,shipping agencies, independent
  hauliers
• 6 representatives of the port workers
• 1 representative of Rete Ferrovie Italia (Italian
  Railway Network Company)

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• carries out all responsibilities necessary to
  ensure the smooth and safe running of the port
• must prepare the Presidents and Port Committees
  acts
• must ensure that all Presidential and Port
  Committee directives are implemented
• sets out the Three Year Plan using the services
  of the technical and operational secretariat
• must submit a progress report concerning the
  implementation of the development plan and the
  economic organisation of the port activities

Secretariat-general
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The State Comptroller and Auditor-General

• certifies that the accounts are in order and
  verifies the cash balance
• presents a report on the balance sheet and refers
  it to the Ministry of Transport
• sits on the Port Committee occupying at least one
  seat

Functions
Composition

• three members and three alternative members (in
  the case of unavailability) who are nominated by
  the Minister of Transport

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The northern European models and the Spanish model
Barcelona
Spanish model
Belgian and Dutch models
Antwerp
Rotterdam
Hamburg
German model
Bremen e Bremerhaven
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Port of Barcelona
Prior to the law n. 27/92
After the law n. 27/92
After the law n. 62/97
Ministry of Public Works
State Administration

• The Port Authority is more independent from the
  State Administration
• The Autonomous Community of Catalonia nominates
  the President of the Port Authority and decides
  the composition of the Board of Directors of the
  Port Authority

State Administration for Infrastructures
Puertos del Estado

• can become financially involved in transport,
  logistics and cargo handling companies
• can conclude agreements such as joint ventures
  and partnerships

Port Authority
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Port of Antwerp
Municipal entity more independent from the
Municipality
100 shareholding held by the City of Antwerp
Semi-autonomous municipal entity
Department of the Municipality

• can become financially involved in transport,
  logistics and cargo handling companies
• can conclude agreements such as joint ventures
  and partnerships

13
Port of Rotterdam
100 shareholding held by the City of Rotterdam
(50 City of Rotterdam/50 State in the course
of 2006)
Publicly owned company
Municipal entity more independent from the
Municipality
Semi-autonomous municipal entity
N.V. Mainport Holding Rotterdam
Department of the Municipality
N.V. Mainport Holding Rotterdam

• can become financially involved in transport,
  logistics and cargo handling companies
• can conclude agreements such as joint ventures
  and partnerships

14
Port of Hamburg
Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG
City - State
Government (Senate)
Parliament
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Economic and Labour Affairs
City-State Property Mgmt. Office
Budget
Office for Port and Waterways Engineering
Port Office (Harbours Master Office)
All departments dealing with port infrastructure
development, operations and rentals are
amalgamated and hived off to form the Hamburg
Port Authority public corporation (a publicly
owned company) as from 1st October 2005
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Port of Hamburg
Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG
City - State
Government (Senate)
Parliament
Ministry of Finance
Ministry for Economic and Labour Affairs
Hamburg Port Authority - HPA
100 shareholding City of Hamburg

• It brings together all existing port-related
  functions previously distributed among the
  different government dpts. (Property Management
  Office, Port Office, Office for Port and
  Waterways Engineering)
• It will be setting its own budgets and devise its
  own capital investment plans

16
Ports of Bremen and Bremerhaven
City-State
BLG Logistics Group
Goverment (Senate)
Parliament
Ministry for Economy and Ports
100 shareholding City of Bremen
 Port Authority  (Harbour Master s Office)
BremenPORTS

• controls the financial interest of the City State
  in private companies
• can take a financial interest in transport,
  logistics and cargo handling companies
• can conclude agreements such as joint ventures
  and partnerships

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Financial autonomy Italian ports
Income of the Port Authority

• rental incomes
• authorisation fees
• loading and unloading duties from January 2006
• loading and unloading sur-tax (specifically Port
  of Genoa)
• sales of equipment

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• keeps separate accounts and maintains financial
  autonomy within the limits as set out in the
  state legislation
• the accounting regulation is approved by the
  Minister of Transport together with the Minister
  of the Exchequer
• the Port Committee is obliged to approve the
  budget and the balance sheet of the Port Authority

Accounts and financial autonomy of the Port
Authority
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Financial autonomy Port of Barcelona/ Puertos
del Estado
Income of Puertos del Estado
Income of the Port Authority

• rental incomes
• port tariffs (as a flexible tool to guarantee
  self-financing, Law 48/2003)
• sales of equipment

• contributions from port authorities and State
  administration
• other incomes

20
Financial autonomy Ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam
Income of the Port Authority
Municipality
Dividend

• Port dues
• Rental income
• Other income

Budget of the Port Authority
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Financial autonomy Ports of Hamburg and
Bremen-Bremerhaven
Income from port activities

• Port dues
• Rental income
• Other income

Budget of the new port authority (Hamburg
Port Authority and Bremenports)
Budget of the City-State
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Administration of port areas Italian ports
areas and quays within the port are leased to the
authorised companies as defined in art. 16,
comma 3
Concession of port areas and quays
23
Administration of port areas other European ports
Antwerp (the property has been transferred to
the Port Authority with the exception of some
areas which belong to the Flemish Region)
Property of the Port Authority leased on a
concession basis to private companies
Before property of the Municipality available to
private companies on a concession/lease basis/now
transferred to the Rotterdam Mainport Holding
Rotterdam
Property of the City-State leased to private
companies Transferred/to be transferred to the
new port authorities
Hamburg Ports of Bremen and Bremerhaven
Property of the State, managed by the Port
Authority, leased to private companies
Port of Barcelona
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Port planning Italian ports
Division and subdivision of the national maritime
ports categories and classes

• Category I ports or specific port areas
  dedicated to national defence and security
• Category II, class I ports or specific port
  areas of international relevance
• Category II, class IIports or specific port
  areas of national relevance
• Category II, class IIIports or specific port
  areas of regional or inter-regional relevance

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Port planning Italian ports
Port Master Plan

• defines the territorial area of the port and the
  disposition of its activities, including the
  industrial areas within the port, the dockyards,
  the road and rail infrastructures
• defines the nature and activities of the port
  area
• it must conform to the overall urban plan

Three year plan

• concerns the development strategies of the port
  with the purpose of guaranteeing the objectives
  as set out in the port master plan
• is subject to approval by the Port Committee
• all financing has to be in place at the time of
  presentation

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• to be adopted by the Port Committee after it has
  reached agreement with the Municipality/ies
• to be submitted to the Higher Council of Public
  Works
• to be sent for the evaluation of its
  environmental impact
• ultimately to be approved by the Region

Port Master Plan ports of category II, classes
I, II and III
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Port works financing Italian ports

• Intervenes in financing of port works in ports
  category I
• Intervenes in financing of the major
  infrastructural work in ports of category II,
  classes I and II

State

• Eventually intervene with their own financial
  resources in combination with the State or by
  replacing the State in the ports of category II,
  classes I and II

The Region, the Municipality and the Port
Authority

• Intervene in the financing of the major
  infrastructural work in ports of category II,
  class III

The Region or regions involved
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• navigational channels
• breakwaters
• ship basins
• quays and wharves
• dredging

Major port works
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Port planning Port of Barcelona
Port Master Plan
Business Plan
Strategic Plan
Coordinated by Puertos del Estato
Special Plan
Plan of utilisation of port areas
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• Prepared by the PA
• Subject to the prior approval of the Ministry of
  Defence and Internal Affairs
• Subject to the approval of the Ministry of Public
  Works after consultation with Puertos del Estado
• Defines the territorial area of the port, in
  preparation of the Port Master Plan

Plan of utilisation of port areas

• Prepared by the PA
• Transmitted to the regional or municipal
  competent authority for approval
• In the event of no agreement being reached, the
  decision is taken by the Ministry of Public Works
• Represents the interface between the Port Master
  Plan and the City Master Plan

Special Plan

• Prepared by the PA
• It is the basis of the Port Master Plan and
  simultaneously integrates the PMP, by focussing
  on environmental impact analysis

Strategic Plan
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• Prepared by the Port Authority and includes
• Traffic forecasts
• Economic and financial forecasts
• Objectives of the port administration in terms of
  management and financial planning
• Integrates the city and port development plans

Business Plan

• Defines the territorial area of the port and the
  disposition of its activities, including the
  industrial areas within the port, the dockyards
  and the road and rail infrastructures
• Defines the nature and activities of the port area

Port Master Plan
32
Port works financing Port of Barcelona
Port Authority
Central Contribution Fund
Puertos del Estado
Intervenes in financing of port works in ports
of general interest
33
Port planning Port of Antwerp
Flemish Governmental Agreement (1999)
Strategic Plan Territorial Implementation Plan
Left Bank
Right Bank
Integration
Coordinated by the Governor of the Province of
East-Flanders
Coordinated by the Governor of the Province of
Antwerp
Global Strategic Plan for the Antwerp Port Area
34
Port works financing Port of Antwerp
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Port area infrastructures
Port accesses (new
Port area infrastructures
Port accesses
(new project)
project)
(maintenance)
(maintenance )
80
0
100
0
Port authority
20
100
0
100
Region
Arising from the principles set out in the Port
Decree (1999, which came into full effect in
2004), the contribution of the Flemish Region was
reduced from 60 to 20 Maintenance of
navigational channels and sluices 100 Port
Authority
35
Port planning Port of Rotterdam
Long term planning
Short-medium term planning
Port Plan 2020 (prepared 2004/2005)
Four Year Plan 2006-2010 (2005)

• Three main objectives
• To reinforce the competitive position of the Port
  of Rotterdam and of the industrial region of
  Rotterdam
• To reinforce the economic structure of the city
  and the region
• To improve the quality of life in the region

• concerns the development strategies of the port
  with the purpose of guaranteeing the objectives
  as set out in the port master plan

36
Port works financing Port of Rotterdam
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Port area infrastructures
Port accesses (new
Port area infrastructures
Port accesses
(new project)
project )
(maintenance)
(maintenance)
Port authority
100
33
100
0
0
66
0
100
State
The subdivision concerning the financing of
port accesses follows a variable ratio
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Port planning Port of Hamburg
Port Development Plan (prepared in 2005)
medium-term plan 5 years
38
Port works financing Port of Hamburg
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
In the port area any type of work
Outside the port area any type of work
100
0
City of Hamburg
0
100
State
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Port planning Ports of Bremen/Bremerhaven
long-term plan 10 years
Port Development Plan (currently in preparation)
Investment plan
Short-medium-term plans
3-5 years
40
Port works financing Ports of Bremen and
Bremerhaven
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
In the port area any type of work
Outside the port area any type of work
100
0
City of Bremen
0
100
State
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Antwerp and Rotterdam two approaches of
planning a port expansion
Port of Antwerp
Port of Rotterdam
Maasvlakte 2
Deurganck Dok
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Containerdok Linkeroever
Fase I 56 ha ? 74 ha (1,260 m)
Fase II Oost 51 ha (1,440 m)
Fase II West 16 ha ? 19 ha (390 m)
spoor ? 12 ha
Fase III Oost 58 ha (1,100 m)
Fase III West 54 ha ? 53 ha (1,100 m)
Capaciteit dok (TEU) 5.785.000 (255 ha)
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Nieuwe containercapaciteit (Deurganckdok)
Fase I 6/2005
Fase II 6/2006
Fase III 6/2007

• 4,8 km kaaimuur
• gt 5 miljoen containers
• 1ste fase klaar in 2005

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Deurganckdok

• Doel

HNN (PSA)

• Deurganckdok

Hercules

• Doeldok

Indaver
P O Ports
Gyproc Benelux

• Waaslandkanaal

Borealis Kallo
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• Compensation measures
• New areas transformed into a natural reserve (120
  ha)
• New measures against noise
• Zoning policy (environmental buffers)
• Development of recreational areas

47
The roller coaster in the allocation of the new
terminals

• MSC agrees to withdraw its candidature to manage
  the new terminal and decides to focus its traffic
  on the right Bank, at MSC Home Terminal
• 2 new clients at the Deurganck Dok
• Hesse Noord Natie (PSA)
• Antwerp Gateway (PO)
• New terminals to be ready in 2006

48
The new port and industrial area will consist of
1000 hectares (nett. of industrial sites) for
deep-sea-related clients trading in chemicals,
for new industry and container handling, plus the
distribution activities. The expansion of the
current Maasvlakte area (5000 hectares) by 20
means a tripling of the container handling
capacity. 
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