The Middle Ages Continued! - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

The Middle Ages Continued!

Description:

Catholic Church was the ONLY choice in Europe 400s 1400s. ... Regula ( kept apart from the real world) Nuns and monks in monasteries or nunneries. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:190
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 51
Provided by: carolm
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The Middle Ages Continued!


1
The Middle Ages Continued!
  • The Medieval Church
  • The rise of the monarchies
  • The height of the Middle Ages

2
The Medieval Church
  • Catholic Church was the ONLY choice in Europe
    400s 1400s.
  • The POPE (leader of the Church) had many duties.
  • Spiritual leadership
  • Political duties
  • Social tasks

3
Religious Role
  • All people were sinners
  • Dependent on Gods grace for salvation.
  • The only way to get salvation was through the
    Church.

4
BUT
  • Most Church rituals were done in Latin a
    language few people knew.
  • MANY priests were poorly educated and didnt
    preach well.

5
SO
  • Most people learned their Christianity from
    Church paintings, statues, and cathedrals.

6
Church Organization
  • Parish priests were what most people knew of the
    Church.
  • Occasionally bishops would visit
  • Archbishops watched what bishops did.
  • Cardinals were in charge of countries.

7
Church Organization
  • THE POPE oversaw all.
  • Romes First Bishop
  • Bishop of Rome
  • Shoes of the Fisherman
  • Chosen of Peter the Apostle

8
Two types of religious people
  • Saeculo (secular or of the real world)
  • Priests, bishops, cardinals
  • Regula ( kept apart from the real world)
  • Nuns and monks in monasteries or nunneries.
  • Hermits
  • Cloisters

9
Benedicts Rule The monks way
  • 520 CE Benedict founded a monastery at Monte
    Cassino.
  • Created book of rules for monks to follow.
  • Manual work, meditation, prayer, never marry,
    never own personal goods, tonsured hair.
  • OBEDIENCE to the abbot.
  • Leader of the monastery.

10
Monastic Life
  • Wore plain and coarse clothes.
  • Ate only 1 2 meals a day.
  • Rules of Silence for many hours a day.
  • Listen to the voice of God.
  • Listen to the scriptures.

11
For Women Convents
  • Nuns wore simple clothes and WIMPLES to cover
    heads and necks.
  • Prayer, spinning, weaving, embroidering.
  • Taught noblemens daughters medicinal herbs and
    sewing.
  • Led by the ABBESS.

12
Influence of the Monastics
  • Monks and nuns lived apart from society.
  • But they were visited by those seeking to learn
    to read and write.
  • SCRIBES copied Bibles and Roman documents

13
Influence of the Monastics
  • Illuminated Texts
  • Told the stories
  • Pictures helped those that couldnt read.

14
Influence of the Monastics
  • Provided schools (kind of)
  • Provided hospitals (kind of)
  • Hotels for the traveling (kind of)

15
Power of the Church
  • The Church received a lot of land and gifts in
    exchange for forgiving a lot of noblemen,
    noblewomen, and kings sins.
  • Hmmmm. Kind of suspicious!
  • Remember Pepin the Short?

16
Power of the Church
  • The Church became quite wealthy.
  • MAYBE a bit careless about carrying out their
    religious duties?
  • Played politics rather than religion.

17
Church Reform
  • By 1057 Church declared that only cardinals
    not kings could chose the pope.
  • 1073 Pope Gregory VII declared kings had no
    right to judge any member of the Church.

18
Fighting Heresy
  • Heresy denial of the Churchs teachings.
  • Viewed as Treason.

19
Fighting Heresy
  • Condemned heretics those who spread heresy and
    challenged the Church.
  • Excommunication
  • Denial of any Church sacraments.
  • Sent kings / knights to crush heresy.

20
The Inquisition
  • 1222 Church set up a court to find heresy.
  • Brought people before the court to confess
    their sins.
  • Rarely had real proof
  • Used torture to get confessions
  • Terrified people.
  • Imprisonment / banished / execution

21
Friars Inspire Reform
  • 1200s a new type of Churchman FRIARS.
  • Wandering preachers.
  • No personal possessions.
  • Depended on gifts from people to eat, have
    shelter.

22
Franciscan Friars
  • Francis of Assisi started the order.
  • Live the simple life of Jesus.
  • Poor Claires were the female equivalent.
  • Dominicans were more educated to try to
    reeducate the heresies.

23
The Churchs Inquisition was not liked by many
kings.
  • How dare the church take the citizens of any
    country and make them confess??

24
The Rise of European Monarchy
  • Three main powers at that time
  • England
  • France
  • The Holy Roman Empire

25
English Kings The Anglo-Saxons
  • Ruled 500s 1066.
  • Germanic tribes that invaded and took over
    pushing the native Celts to Scotland, Wales or
    Cornwall.

26
Anglo-Saxon Kings
  • Alfred the Great
  • 871 899
  • Like Charlemagne built schools and appreciated
    learning.
  • Kept the Vikings from taking over in England.

27
Anglo-Saxon Kings
  • The last was Edward the Confessor
  • Died in 1066
  • No children
  • Promised the throne to two men
  • Harold Godwinson Anglo-Saxon
  • William the Bastard Norman (Vikings in France)
    duke.

28
Both Harold and William wanted to be king!
  • Battle of Hastings
  • Harold had first crushed a Viking attempt to take
    England.
  • When he heard that William was arriving with
    6,000 knights he rushed off to meet him at

29
The Battle of Hastings
  • Harold lost.
  • William the Bastard became William the Conqueror.

30
William the Conqueror Changes in England
  • The Bayeux Tapestry
  • Told the story of the Battle of Hastings.
  • The Domesday Book the first census to count
    every person, every farm, town, house, pig, etc.

31
William the Conqueror Changes to England
  • Made his wife Mathilda the ruler when he had to
    go back to Normandy in France.

32
William the Conquerors Heirs The Angevins
  • William Rufus (died under mysterious
    circumstances)
  • Henry I (youngest son)
  • Happened to be hunting with William Rufus when he
    died.
  • Imprisoned his 2nd eldest brother Robert when he
    arrived in England.

33
Henry Is problem NO SON
  • Daughter Mathilda?
  • Had a personality like her grandfather William
    the Bastard.
  • Widowed Empress of Holy Roman Empire.
  • Had a son
  • Nephew Stephen?
  • Was a male

34
After Henry Is death
  • WAR between Mathilda and Stephen.
  • Finally compromised
  • Stephen got to be king
  • BUT Mathildas (Maud) son Henry, not Stephens,
    got to be the next king.

35
The Plantagenants Henry II
  • Great king! Always on the move and highly
    intelligent.
  • Consolidated power and got rid of rogue nobles.
  • Established COMMON LAW
  • Set up first jury system for trials.

36
Henry IIs Problem? Too Many Sons and his Wife!
  • Eleanor of Aquitaine
  • Sons
  • William (The Young King) died.
  • Richard the Lionheart (1189 1199)
  • Geoffrey (died)
  • John (1199 1215)

37
Richard the Lionheart
  • Romantic ideal of a king.
  • Took time from slaughtering people to write
    poetry and music.
  • The real power of ruling was with his mother.

38
King John the king so BAD no other king has had
the name of John!
  • The Magna Carta
  • Means BIG Charter
  • Made King John promise to follow the laws his
    father had made.
  • First limits on Kings Powers
  • John had choice sign or die.

39
Rise of Parliament
  • John died in 1215.
  • No one tried to find out how he really died.
  • Only English king not to be buried either in
    France or in London.
  • His 3 year old son took over.

40
Rise of Parliament
  • A group of nobles said theyd rule for the boy
    until he came of age.
  • People in the city were gaining power and also
    wanted a say in government.
  • Parliament was created to advise a king.

41
The Rise of Parliament
  • 1400 Parliament divided into two houses to
    advise the king
  • House of Lords nobles and clergy
  • House of Commons knights and burgesses (city
    business people)

42
France
  • After Charlemagne France went to pieces.
  • 987 Hugh Capet seized the throne from
    Charlemagnes descendent.
  • Capetian dynasty lasted for 300 years.

43
Beginnings of Central Government in France
  • Louis VI used townspeople to support him rather
    than the nobles.
  • Towns were more loyal to the king than to feudal
    lords.

44
Strengthening the Monarchy
  • Philip II ruled 1180 1223.
  • special relationship with Richard the
    Lionheart.
  • Through marriage, war and some dirty politics
    took all the French land that England had.
  • Made his army loyal to him and not feudal lords.

45
By the time of Philip IV in 1314
  • France had taken over parts of Flanders (Holland)
  • Philip could tax even the Church.
  • Kings in France had absolute control in
    comparison to England.

46
The Holy Roman Empire
  • Germany stayed weak while England and France grew
    strong.
  • 1000 1100s German kings tried to restore
    Charlemagnes empire.

47
The Holy Roman Empire
  • Otto the Great helped the Pope with some
    troublesome Italian nobles.
  • Was crowned Holy Roman Emperor for his support.

48
Problems of the Holy Roman Empire
  • Otto and his successors said they had the right
    to help pick the next popes.
  • Kept popes weak militarily.
  • Who had the power the Pope or the Kings?

49
Emperor and Pope Collide
  • 1077 Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV.
  • ROUND ONE Pope won when he excommunicated Henry
    until he begged forgiveness at the gates of Rome
    for three days.

50
Emperor and Pope Collide
  • ROUND TWO Henry had the upper hand and forced
    the pope to accept that the king could appoint
    bishops.
  • Pope could only veto if the candidate was REALLY
    bad.
  • THE FIGHTS CONTINUED FOR 300 years!
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com