CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator

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CWNACertified Wireless Network Administrator

• Antenna Accessories

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RF Amplifiers

• RF Amplifier an active electronic device to
  increase the level of an RF signal.

AC/DC Power Input
RF Amplifier
Phantom Power Input
FCC Certification CFR 15.204
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Two Types of RF Amplifiers
Antenna
Access Point
T
PowerSource
Unidirectional RF Amplifier
Antenna
T
Access Point
C1
C2
R
PowerSource
Bi-Directional RF Amplifier
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WLAN RF Amplifiers
A
C
B
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Amplifier Specification

• Automatic Gain Controlled TX
• Power Output 100mW to 1W in 802.11 b/g
• Receive Gain 20dB (0 to 23dB gain on request)
• High Q 3 Pole Band Pass Filter in both TX RX
• Low 2.5dB RX Noise Figure
• Low Transmit Harmonics
• Indoor Outdoor Models Available
• DC Injector Included for SAX Model
• Machined Aluminum Housing
• Potted Circuit Card Assembly
• Mounting Hardware Included
• Internal Lightning Protection
• Weather Proof Die-Cast Aluminum Housing
• 2 Year Warranty w/ Lightning Protection

SA Series Antennafier Indoor Amplifiers 802.11b/8
02.11g Indoor Amplifier with 12VDC Power Supply
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Amplifier Installation
D
E
C
F
B
A
G
H
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RF External Amplifier
Antenna
Antenna Mount
RF Amplifier
Cable Standoffs
Transmission Cable/Line
DC Injector
Antenna Mast
AP
Antenna Ground Rod
WLAN
Building
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FCC CRF 15.204
B
A
Cisco Aironet 1400 Wireless Bridge
Trango Systems' ATLAS5010
C
Tsunami QuickBridge 11 Kit
A system is inclusively the devices and
components from the Access Point to the Antenna.
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RF Attenuators

• An RF attenuator is a device that reduces the
  level of an RF signal. RF attenuators can be
  fixed or adjustable.

Stepped Attenuator
Variable Attenuator
Fixed Attenuators
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RF/Microwave Attenuators
DC through 18 GHz 1 - 60 dB Fixed
DC through 4 GHz 0 - 60 dB Variable
DC through 4 GHz 0 - 70 dB, 10 dB Steps
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Grounding

• Grounding - connecting an electrical circuit or
  device to the Earth. This serves various
  purposes to drain away unwanted currents to
  provide a reference voltage for circuits needing
  one to lead lightning away from delicate
  equipment to improve the radiation pattern or
  efficiency of an antenna.

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Grounding
6 AWG
Brass acorn clamp
GND Tester
Earth
Ground Rods
8 min
6 min
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Antenna/Cable Grounding
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Lightning Arrestor

• Lightning Arrestor A device used to allow a
  path to ground for unwanted static electricity,
  lightning-induced surges, or any abnormally high
  voltage or current.

¼-? Stub
Gas Discharge
A
B
C
0.4db Max Insertion Loss 350V or 90V Breakdown
Voltage VSWR Better than 1.51 Passes DC
voltage 200W Operation
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Lightning Arrestors
Antenna
Antenna
To Access Point
To Antenna
Antenna Mount
GND
Arrestor
GND Post
RF Amplifier
To DC Injector
Ground Rod
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RF Splitter / Power Dividers

• RF Splitter - A passive or active device that
  divides one RF signal into multiple RF signals.

Test Antenna
mW
50
Power Meter
RFAmplifier
RFSplitter
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RF Splitters
Sector Panel Antennas
RF Splitter
Ant - 1
Ant - 2
Reduced Power Out1
Reduced Power Out2
A
Radiation Patterns
Power In
B
Mechanical Beam Tilt
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Splitters/Dividers
2-way splitter
4-way splitter
A
B
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RF Connectors

• An RF device for mechanically terminating and
  providing electrical contact between devices
  and/or cables.

Cable
RF Plug Male
RF Jack Female
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RF Connector Types
BNC - Type, stands for Bayonet Neill, Concelman,
1940s 50 O and 75 O, up to 11 GHz.
N - Type, named after Paul Neill of Bell Labs,
1040s 50 O, up to 11 GHz.
TNC - Type, stands for Threaded Neill, Concelman,
1950s 50 O, up to 11 GHz, There are two types of
TNC connectors Standard and Reverse Polarity.
SMA - Type is an acronym for SubMiniature version
A, 1960's 50 O, up to 18 GHz.
UHF - Type, is an acronym for Ultra High
Frequency, 1930s 50 O, up to 300 MHz. Not a
good connector for wireless LANs!
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A Closer Look at Connectors
N-Connectors
Pin
Socket
Male N-type
Female N-type
RP-TNC-Connectors
Pin
Socket
Female TNC-type
Male TNC-type
Note There is also Reverse Thread (left-hand)
connectors
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Making Connections
RP-TNC to SMA
Coax Adapter kit
Type N m to TNC m adapter
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N-Type Connectors
Female / Jack
Male / Plug
Female / Jack Chassis
Inline Double Female
Right Angle Male to Female
T Adaptor 2 Female to Male
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RF Cables

• RF Cables Coaxial Cable - A cylindrical
  transmission line comprised of a conductor
  centered inside a metallic tube or shield,
  separated by a dielectric material, and usually
  covered by an insulating jacket.

Insulating Jacket
Metal Shield
Dielectric
Center Conductor
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Coaxial Cable
B
A
C
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Coaxial Cables
Attenuation of cables, dB/100 ft, (dB/100 m)
Table 5-1
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LMR-400
LMR standard is a UV Resistant Polyethylene
jacketed cable designed for 20-year service
outdoor use. The bending and handling
characteristics are significantly better than
air-dielectric and corrugated hard-line cables.
Table 2
Table 1
Table 3
Interactive calculator available at
http//www.timesmicrowave/telecom
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RF Cables

• Pigtail cable Usually a short cable that has
  a proprietary connector on one end and a
  industrial standard connector on the other end.

B
C
A
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Frequency Converter

• Frequency Converter an active device that
  converts a frequency or band of frequency from
  one range to another.
• Up-converter / down-converter Translates a low
  frequency/band to a high frequency/ band and
  vise-versa.

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Frequency Converter
802.11b
802.11a
Freq.
2 GHz
6 GHz
UP
2.4 GHz Band
5.8 GHz Band
C1
C2
Down
PowerSource
Frequency Converter Bi-directional Translator
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Frequency converters
B
A
Uni-directional (down converter 2.4 - 2.5 GHz to
1.483 - 1583 GHz
C
Bi-directional (up-down converter 2.4 to 5.8 GHz
Bi-directional (up-down converter 2.4 to 3.4 GHz
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Test Kits / Instruments

• Digital Multimeter
• Power Meter
• RF Signal Generator
• Spectrum Analyzer
• Time Domain Reflectometer

Power Meter
Site Survey Kit