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Critical Thinking

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Title: Critical Thinking


1
Critical Thinking
  • The ability to weigh evidence, examine arguments,
    and construct rational bases for beliefs.
  • Also, to examine ones own reasoning processes to
    evaluate their appropriateness and effectiveness.

2
  • Not just the application of problem-solving
    strategies for a particular problem
  • A truly critical thinker must be able to choose
    appropriate strategies and even create new ones
    when necessary
  • How does critical thinking link with knowledge?

3
  • If knowledge means having the truth and knowing
    that you have it, then how do we know we have it?
  • How does understanding affect knowledge?
  • What is the path to knowledge?
  • What about error and ignorance?
  • Which is easier to deal with?
  • How does knowledge impact policy outcomes?

4
Perspectives of Policy Analysis
  • The activity of creating knowledge of and in the
    policymaking process.

The Essential Link
Conduct of Social/physical inquiry
Human Conditions
Role of Knowledge
5
  • Improvements are contingent on available
    knowledge
  • Human actions relate the available supply of
    knowledge to the human condition
  • Social inquiries should seek to produce knowledge
    that can direct actions (policymaking) in ways
    that will produce the best possible conditions of
    life based on given human capacity and resources
  • Policymaking is the action

6
  • Human actions, the generation of knowledge, are
    necessary for improving the condition of the
    quality of individual human life
  • Human actions provide the connecting link between
    knowledge and available knowledge and therefore,
    the conditions of the population
  • Policy is the nexus that connects actions and the
    set of assumptions that directs them

7
  • In the end, it is what the government does, and
    what the government ought to do
  • A focus on the decisions that determine the
    direction of government action.
  • Program evaluation is devoted to the assessment
    of how well existing policies or programs are, or
    are not, working what happened? What was the
    outcome?

8
  • Policy analysis refers to a future-looking
    orientation, where a course of action for the
    future is considered

9
The Policy Analysis Process
  • Problem Identification and Selection
  • If possible, select a problem that can be solved
  • Eliminate domestic violence, or
  • Develop shelters and legal protections for victims

10
  • Problem Selection Criteria
  • The number and distribution of people affected
  • The significance of the effect
  • The likelihood that decision makers assist in
    resolving the problem
  • The likelihood the decision makers will use the
    analysis
  • Is there enough time to do a credible job?
  • Are there enough resources available?

11
  • Problem Definition
  • Develop an understanding of the problem that
    ENABLES the development of effective solutions
  • What causes can policymakers potentially change?
  • Identify the variables

12
Criteria/Alternative Matrix (CAM) Problems of
Prison Overcrowding
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