INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOBIOLOGY - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 22
About This Presentation
Title:

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOBIOLOGY

Description:

Psychobiology by Any Other Name. Biopsychology. Behavioural ... Subdivisions of Psychobiology. Physiological psychology. Psychopharmacology. Neuropsychology ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:1988
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 23
Provided by: chrisch4
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOBIOLOGY


1
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOBIOLOGY
2
What is Psychobiology?
  • it is the study of the neural basis of
    behaviour, but this colourless definition does
    not do justice to the wealth of scientific
    expertise that it incorporates.
  • Sahagal (1993)

3
Psychobiology by Any Other Name
  • Biopsychology
  • Behavioural neuroscience
  • Behavioural biology

4
Subdivisions of Psychobiology
  • Physiological psychology
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Psychophysiology
  • Comparative psychology
  • Cognitive neuroscience
  • Behavioural genetics

5
Human vs. Animal Research
  • Human
  • Relatively cheap
  • Insight
  • Extrapolation not required
  • Animal
  • Expensive
  • Controlled environment
  • Permit procedures that are regarding as unethical
    in humans
  • Behaviour less complex
  • Requires extrapolation

6
Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986)
  • License
  • Institute
  • Project
  • Person

7
Validity of Animal Models of Behaviour
  • Willner (1991) stated that, models are tools.
    As such, they have no intrinsic value the value
    of a tool derives entirely from the work one can
    do with it. Conclusions arising from the use of a
    simulation of abnormal behaviour are essentially
    hypotheses that must eventually be tested against
    the clinical state. An assessment of the validity
    of a simulation gives no more than an indication
    of the degree of confidence that we can place in
    the hypothesis arising from its use.

8
Three Facets of Validity
  • Taken from the world of psychometric testing, an
    animal model should exhibit
  • Predictive validity
  • Face validity
  • Construct validity
  • Willner (1984)

9
Genetics
  • Darwin
  • Mendel
  • Crick and Watson

10
Evolution
  • Darwin
  • Survival of the fittest
  • evidence based
  • Descent through modification

11
Mendelian Genetics
  • Mendel a monk
  • Pea traits
  • Can be applied to humans
  • Dominant traits
  • Recessive traits

12
Seed Colour
13
Chromosomes
  • 23 matched pairs
  • Genetic material passed on to offspring
  • Cellular division
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis

14
Meiosis
15
Mitosis
16
DNA
  • Each chromosome contains a double stranded
    molecule
  • deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
  • Each strand of DNA is a sequence of nucleotide
    bases attached to a chain of phosphate and
    deoxyribose

17
DNA
18
Replication
  • Replication is critical for mitosis
  • The DNA strands unwind
  • The exposed nucleotide bases attract
    complementary bases form the fluid of the nucleus
  • Two DNA molecules that are identical are created
  • Mutations of this process can occur

19
Replication
20
Protein Synthesis
  • The genetic code produces amino acids
  • Making protein and polypeptides
  • Transcription

21
Transcription
  • Code taken outside nucleus
  • mRNA
  • RNA is like DNA
  • mRNA attaches itself to ribosomes in the cell
    body
  • The ribosomes move along the strand of mRNA and
    read the code

22
Transcription
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com