The effects of rape and sexual abuse on males and females who have been sexually abused as children - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 12
About This Presentation
Title:

The effects of rape and sexual abuse on males and females who have been sexually abused as children

Description:

The presentation outlines the long term effects of rape on 40 non clinical male ... Walker, J., Archer, J., & Pollard, P. (2006) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:1532
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 13
Provided by: mda88
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: The effects of rape and sexual abuse on males and females who have been sexually abused as children


1
The effects of rape and sexual abuse on males and
females who have been sexually abused as children
and/or adults
  • Dr. Michelle Davies and Dr. Paul Rogers
  • Department of Psychology
  • University of Central Lancashire
  • Preston
  • PR1 2HE
  • mdavies3_at_uclan.ac.uk
  • progers_at_uclan.ac.uk

2
Abstract
  • The presentation outlines the long term effects
    of rape on 40 non clinical male survivors, who
    had been raped as adults.  All survivors
    experienced psychological disturbance as a result
    of rape, and scored more negatively on a series
    of psychological functioning measures than
    non-raped controls. The presentation discusses
    the importance of research into male rape and the
    limitations of the current research published in
    this area. The presentation concludes by
    outlining intended research that will compare
    male and female survivors' reactions towards rape
    and sexual abuse, and the differences that occur
    in psychological functioning in people who have
    been sexually abused as children compared with
    those sexually abused in adulthood.

3
Introduction
  • Data on effects of male rape typically from
    specific samples, e.g. clinical.
  • Little research on community samples.
  • Lack of differentiation between men sexually
    assaulted as adults and those reporting effects
    of CSA.
  • Need to look at effects of specific types of
    assaults in community samples who may not have
    ever reported to clinical services.

4
Effects of Male Rape
  • Depression, suicide attempts and ideation, self
    harm, substance abuse.
  • PTSD.
  • Low self esteem and self worth.
  • Relationship and sexual problems.
  • Added issues for men e.g. confusion about sexual
    orientation and masculinity.
  • Long term issues.

5
Walker, Archer Davies (2005a 2005b 2006)
  • 40 male rape survivors anal rape, 16 years ,
    British non clinical, media advertising.
  • Mean age 34 (time of assault 24) 53 gay, 32
    heterosexual, 10 bisexual, 5 asexual. 35
    unemployed, 17 no qualifications.
  • 60 not in relationship.
  • 15 raped previously 7.5 CSA
  • Matched non assaulted control group

6
Materials
  • MRQ 75 items nature of and effects of assault
  • GHQ (Goldberg, 1981) 28 items psychological
    functioning
  • WAS (Janoff-Bulman, 1989) 32 items world
    assumptions
  • SSE (Heatherington Polivy, 1991) 20 items
    current feelings of SE
  • IES (Horowitz et al, 1979) 15 statements about
    serious life events

7
Assault Characteristics
  • Most indoors perpetrators home
  • Coercion force in more than half cases
  • Stranger 25 62.5 one perpetrator
  • 55 orally raped
  • 35 medical treatment 58 psychological
    treatment 5/40 reported to police (1 conviction)

8
Long Term Effects
  • Self reports
  • Depression - 97.5
  • Revenge fantasies 95
  • Flashbacks 92.5
  • Anxiety 92.5
  • Low self worth 90
  • Vulnerability 90
  • Emotional distancing 85
  • Fear of men 82.5
  • Guilt and self blame 82.5
  • Anger 80
  • Low self esteem 77.5
  • Intrusive thoughts 75
  • Withdrawal 72.5
  • Impaired cognitive performance 70
  • Sexual identity crisis 70
  • Masculinity crisis 68
  • Increased smoking 67.5
  • Alcohol abuse 62.5
  • Security consciousness 57.5
  • Suicide ideation 55
  • Drug abuse 52.5
  • Self harm 50
  • Suicide attempts 47.5
  • Eating disorder 27.5

9
Comparisons with Controls
  • GHQ survivors higher somatic symptoms, more
    anxiety and insomnia, greater social dysfunction,
    and higher depression scores than controls (all p
    lt.005).
  • WAS survivors lower self worth (p lt.001) and
    felt more unlucky (p ,.05) than controls.
  • SSE survivors lower self esteem on all sub
    scales than controls (all p lt.001)
  • IES most survivors high on all sub scales

10
Other Findings
  • Logistic regression whether or not
    psychological help was sought after assault
    predicted later suicide attempts
  • Comparisons between acquaintance and stranger
    rape groups (Ns 19)
  • Few differences on any measure, though stranger
    rape survivors felt more emotional distancing and
    felt more unlucky.
  • Sexuality gay survivors more likely to have
    sexual identity crises

11
Future Work
  • Little research compares male and female
    survivors. Use modified MRQ and range of
    psychological functioning measures.
  • Larger sample effects of multiple
    victimisation, very lacking in literature up to
    now.
  • Differences in adult assault and adult survivors
    of CSA?

12
References
  • Walker, J., Archer, J., Davies, M. (2005a).
    Effects of rape on male survivors a descriptive
    analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 69-80
  • Walker, J., Archer, J. Davies, M. (2005b).
    Effects of male rape on psychological
    functioning. British Journal of Clinical
    Psychology, 44, 445-451
  • Davies, M. , Walker, J., Archer, J., Pollard,
    P. (2006). A comparative study of long term
    psychological functioning in male survivors of
    stranger and acquaintance rape. Sex Roles,
    Accepted pending revisions
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com