Public Speaking: An AudienceCentered Approach 7th edition

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Public SpeakingAn Audience-Centered Approach
7th edition

• Steven A. Beebe Susan J. Beebe

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(No Transcript)
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Why Study Public Speaking?

• Empowerment Employment
• Achieves desired goals.
• Is an advantage over
• your competition.
• Shows confidence.
• Shows conviction.

• Corporations want skilled speakers- - -
• to adapt information,
• to be organized, and
• to keep listeners interested.
• Communication is the top skill sought by
  employers.

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Top Factors in Helping Graduating College
Students Obtain Employment
Not in Rank Order

• Grade point average (gpa)
• Specific degree held
• Written communication skills
• Listening ability
• Leadership in campus/community activity
• Technical competence
• Work experience
• Poise

• Appearance
• Resume
• Part-time or summer employment
• Enthusiasm
• Recommendations
• Accreditation of program
• Oral (spoken) communication
• Participation in campus/community activity

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Top Factors in Helping Graduating College
Students Obtain Employment

• Oral (spoken) communication
• Written communication skills
• Listening ability
• Enthusiasm
• Technical competence
• Work experience
• Appearance
• Poise

• Resume
• Part-time or summer employment
• Specific degree held
• Leadership in campus/community activity
• Recommendations
• Accreditation of program
• Participation in campus/community activity
• Grade point average (gpa)

Source Winsor, JB,Curtis National Preferences
in Business and Communication Educatoin A
Survey Update, Journal of the Associaton for
Communication Administration 3, September 1997
174.
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Public Speaking DiffersFrom Conversation

• Public Speaking is Planned
• More practice.
• More preparation.
• More research.

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• Public Speaking is Formal
• Less slang casual language.
• More physical distance between speaker and
  audience.
• More controlled gestures and movements.

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Speaker Audience Roles Clearly Defined

• Expectations well-established.
• Behaviors stable.
• Speaker and audience follow rules more.

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Speaking rules for this class

• Class Activity-
• As a group, let us establish rules for speaking
  and listening in this class.

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The Communication Process

• Communication as Action
• Linear, one-way messages.
• Source encodes message.
• Message what is said how it is said.
• Channel how message is transmitted.
• Receiver decodes message.
• Noise interferes with message .
• Internal.
• External.

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• The Action Model of Communication

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Values
Beliefs
Attitudes
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Past events or activities that give knowledge.
Experiences
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Past events or activities that give knowledge.
Values
Beliefs
Attitudes
Experiences
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Communication as Interaction

• As message is sent, feedback to
• sender is provided by receiver.
• Communication happens within a context
  (environment/situation in which speech occurs.)

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Communication as Transaction

• Communication happens simultaneously.
• Sender also receives message.
• Receiver also sends message.

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The Rich Heritageof Public Speaking

• 4th Century B.C. The
• Golden Age of Rhetoric
• Rhetoric use of words and symbols to
• achieve a goal.

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• 15th Century
• Public
• speaking
• used
• mostly
• by clergy.

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• 18th Century
• Public
• speaking
• used by
• American
• patriots
• to promote
• independence.

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• 19th Century
• Public
• speaking
• plays
• role in
• abolition
• and
• suffrage
• movements.

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• 20th Century
• Television becomes a
• force in public speaking.
• War civil rights issues.

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• 21st Century
• Technology media
• revolutionize how
• people communicate.

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Public Speaking Diversity

• Different audiences have different
  expectations.
• Speakers must adapt to audiences.
• Audience-centeredness is key.

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Improving Your Confidence

• Nervousness is normal.
• Public speaking number
• one in highest anxiety.

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Understand Your Nervousness

• Brain triggers body.
• Communication apprehension
• (CA) fear of speaking.
• Styles of CA
• Average normal heart rate.
• Insensitive lower heart rate.
• Inflexible higher heart rate.
• Confrontation high to normal heart rate.

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• Nervousness
• Audience cannot see nervousness.
• Use anxiety to your advantage.

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Build Your Confidence

• Before your speech
• Dont delay preparing.
• Learn as much as you can about your audience.
• Pick a comfortable and familiar topic.
• Rehearse your speech.
• Present a structured speech.

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Other advice

• Before your speech
• Be familiar with introduction and conclusion.
• Simulate actual speech conditions.
• Breathe deeply.
• Think act calm.
• Picture positive outcomes.
• Reassure yourself mentally (with a pep talk).

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Finally

• During the speech
• Focus on content, not fears.
• Look for supportive audience members.
• After the speech
• Reflect on positives.
• Seek other speaking opportunities.