Title: Respiration
1Respiration
Air
Ventilation
Gas exchange (alveoli)
Gas transport (blood)
Tissues
2Consumption of O2 and production of CO2
Determination by spirometry Respiratory quotients
for carbohydrates and fats
CO2 produced
200 ml / min
RQ
0.8
O2 consumed
250 ml / min
Sugar O2 CO2
H2O
energy
3Function of Upper Airways
- Warm
- Humidify
- Filter / clean
- /immune defense
Extensive vascular mucous membrane
Air
- Maintain / provide airway
- Special functions smell
- taste
- voice
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6Pharnyx and Larnyx 1. Maintenance of airway 2.
Pharnyx immune defense Airway maintenance 1.
Intrinsic tone of pharngeal muscles tongue 2.
Relfexes swallowing reflex cough reflex
7- Airway maintenance is compromised
- muscle floppy
- reflexes
- 1. Unconscious
- face down and to side
- gravity assists
- 2. Alcohol
- 3. Opiates barbiturates anaesthetic gases
artificial airways - 4. Sleep
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9From periphery via R side of heart
To periphery via L side of heart
Fig. shows envelopment of the alveoli by
pulmonary capillaries.
10Inspiration is active process muscle
contraction Chest volume
Lung vol
Air pressure
Air in through mouth and nose
Expiration (quiet) involves controlled muscle
relaxation Chest volume
Lung vol
Air pressure
Air out through mouth and nose
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131 mmHg 13.6 mm H2O 1 mmHg 1.36 cm H2O
14760 mmHg
15Normal airflow achieved
- Lungs
- inspiration 1 mmHg
- expiration 1 mmHg
- Max inspir effort
- 50 mmHg
- Max expir effort
- 100 mmHg
16Muscles of Respiration
- Quiet breathing
- Inspiration diaphragm phrenic N. C345
- Expiration controlled relaxation diaphragm
- Heavy breathing
- Accessory muscles
- Inspiration external intercostals neck muscles
- Expiration abdominal muscles internal
intercostals
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19Summary
- Respiration
- ventilation
- perfusion
- gas exchange
- gas transport
- cellular respiration
- CO2productionO2consumptionrespir quotient
- Functions of upper airways
- Mechanism of inspiration expiration
- Lung volumes