Airline Survey on Runway Incursion Prevention Pilot Procedures and Methods

1
Airline Survey on Runway Incursion Prevention
Pilot Procedures and Methods
Runway Safety Workshop Brussels, 9-10 September
2002

• By
• Ton van der veldt
• IATA Europe operations infrastructure office

2
Airlines Flight Safety Department

• Mission
• - Secure, promote and improve the safety of
  flight
• Operations and
• - Increase the safety awareness through
  dissemination of
• knowledge from incidents and experience
• - Continuous improvement of quality within
  flight ops
• Goals
• - Decrease of number of incidents and the
  prevention of
• accidents
• - Quality control
• - Monitoring of safety and quality through
  audits

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Definition of Incidents

• Any occurrence other than an accident associated
  with the operation of an aircraft, that affects
  or could affect the safety of operations, such
  as,
• - Air traffic incidents (between a/c loss of
  separation),
• - Technical incidents, (a/c system failures)
• - Ground incidents (a/c not moving engines
  out),
• - Operational incidents (collision or risk of
  collision with any vehicle, terrain or obstacle
• An air safety report must be filed or report all
  events, which affected or could have affected the
  safety of the flight

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Responsibilities Flight Safety Department

• Database management of FS report
• Analyses and trend analyses
• Provide publications and safety oversights

5
Airline Reporting Culture

• Generally good
• Aircraft condition monitoring system (ACMS)
• There maybe some write-fatigue influences on
  subjects, e.G. No smoke policy

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Pilot Survey ResultsContributing causes of RI
RT phraseology
aerodrome signs
Weather visibility
aerodrome lightning
Pavement marking
Language Proficiency
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Pilot Survey ResultsContributing cause of
experienced RI
ATC procedures
Aerodrome signs
Pilot procedures
RT phraseology
Pavement markings
Language proficiency
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Key Areas for Improvement Seen From an
Airline/pilot Point of View

• Safety occurrence investigation and monitoring
• Phraseology and language proficiency
• Pilot/atc procedures and working methods
• Implementation of annex 14 (marking, signs,
  lighting)
• New technologies as prevention means

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Occurrence Investigationand Monitoring

• Need for better data collection a need to
  analyse and share data to find causal factors,
  leading to detailed recommendation
• Promote the establishment of incident/accident
  reporting system within the ANSP organisations
  (based on a just reporting culture), so as to
  be able to match reported incidents/accidents
  from airlines (STEADES-TOKAI)
• Standardise the reporting criteria for rwy/twy
  incursions in order to better identify the risks

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Phraseology and Language Proficiency
Assess requirements for language proficiency
for all persons related to runway activities
Pilots comments/suggestions for improvements
- Respect RT phraseology - Proscribe the use of
local languages at international airports,
- Use a common aeronautical language and -
Improve the aviation language proficiency
(English)
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Pilot Procedures and Working Methods (1)

• Review current pilot procedures, assess their
  potential impact on runway safety and recommend
  improvement when appropriate
• Follow procedures and provide better training
• Promote best practices on cockpit procedures
  while taxiing,
• - Sterile cockpit concept applied and
  secured by crew training
• - Look outside and avoid distraction
• - Simplify taxi check list (before take off and
  after landing) as far as reasonably possible
• - Transfer public address welcome announcement
  by cockpit from taxi phase to the gate

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Pilot Procedures and Working Methods (2)

• During pilots pre-flight planning process
• - Awareness of airport lay-out check notams
  and
• Particularly familiarise with airport
  situation when WIP
• Do not waste time on the runway
• When cleared to line up and/or when crossing the
  runway, position the aircraft in a right angle
  with the runway in order to see the other traffic
  better
• When not sure about position of aircraft, stop
  and request ATC for position
• Give attention to COM with other traffic
  (language problem)
• Ensure good reception of air traffic clearances
• Crew co-ordination and Speaking-up mentality

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Pilot Procedures and Methods (3)

• Pilots comments/suggestions for improvements
• Departure clearance during taxi
• - ATC departure clearance during taxi should
  be reviewed
• And preferably given at the gate
• Taxi route clearance
• - Standard taxi route clearances should be
  encouraged on airports
• Taxi route update
• - Any time there is a change in the taxiway
  network
• Crossing an active runway
• - The word  CROSS  need to be
  pronounced by ATC
• And acknowledge by the crew

14
Annex 14 SARPS Implementation

• Review current marking, signage and lighting and
• Recommend improvement when appropriate
• Pilots comments/suggestions for improvement
• - Standardise and improve sign, markings,
  lighting
• - Introduce cross red stop bars at runway holding
  points
• - Provide where necessary
• - RUNWAY AHEAD markings painted on pavement
  
• - Ground markings for taxiways (location and
  direction )
• - Avoid runway confusion with taxiways at landing
  or take off

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Improve Situational AwarenessNew Technologies

• Assess safety technological benefits for
  prevention of runway incursion occurrence
• - Identify needs and feasibility of fitting
  aircraft with aerodromes graphical displays
• - Assess NAV display and data link for taxi
  route, line-up and take-off clearance
• - Assess a situational awareness system for the
  pilot, as an alternative to follow the greens
• - Assess the necessity of automated conflict
  warning systems and resolution for assigned
  taxiway protection
• - Ensure commonality of system with HMI atcos
• - Ensure interoperability

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Recommendations for Improvements

• An objective review/analyses of past accidents
  scenarios should be very useful to assess causal
  factors and identify prevention measures
• A synthesis of generic errors scenarios should be
  published
• Identification of best practices within airlines
  to be reviewed and published
• Agree on common RWY/TWY incursion definitions