Calibration Status for Current Instruments and Plans for Future Instruments: AVHRR, Landsat, MODIS, VIIRS, APS, ABI

1
Calibration Status for Current Instruments and
Plans for Future Instruments AVHRR, Landsat,
MODIS, VIIRS, APS, ABI

• B. Guenther1 and Brian Markham2
• 1 University of Maryland, Baltimore County
  Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center
  bruce.guenther_at_gsfc.nasa.gov
• 2 NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code
  614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771

2
AVHRR
Band No. NOAA 6, 8, 10 NOAA 7, 9, 11, 12, 14 NOAA 15, 16, 17, 18
1 0.58 - 0.68 0.58 - 0.68 0.58 - 0.68
2 0.725 - 1.10 0.725 - 1.10 0.725 - 1.10
3     1.58 - 1.64
Wavelength in micrometers Wavelength in micrometers Wavelength in micrometers
Ascending Node 1340 (11), 1400/1420/1430 (7, 9, 14, 16, 18), 1930 (6, 8, 10, 15), 2200 (17) Ascending Node 1340 (11), 1400/1420/1430 (7, 9, 14, 16, 18), 1930 (6, 8, 10, 15), 2200 (17) Ascending Node 1340 (11), 1400/1420/1430 (7, 9, 14, 16, 18), 1930 (6, 8, 10, 15), 2200 (17) Ascending Node 1340 (11), 1400/1420/1430 (7, 9, 14, 16, 18), 1930 (6, 8, 10, 15), 2200 (17)

• Climate Applications
• Vegetation Indices
• ISCCP (cloud) products

• Primary Calibration Strategy
• Prelaunch
• Vicarious on-orbit

3
Landsat MSSLandsat-1 1972-1978 Landsat-2
1975-1982 Landsat-3 1978-1983 Landsat-4
1982-1992 Landsat-5 1984-1992
4 VNIR Bands - 80 meters 185 km swath 18 day
repeat cycle (Landsat 1-3) 16 day repeat cycle
(Landsat 4-5) 0850-0945 equatorial crossing

• Climate Applications
• Regional land cover land use change carbon
  consequences
• Regional biomass change carbon consequences

• Primary Calibration Strategy
• Internal lamps on scene-by-scene basis

4
Landsat TM/ETM Landsat-4 TM (1982-3
1987-1993), Landsat-5 TM (1984-gt), Landsat-7 ETM
(1999-gt)
4 VNIR 2 SWIR bands -- 30 m
1 Panchromatic - (ETM) -- 15 m 1 TIR -- 60
m (ETM) 120 m (TM) 0945-1000 equatorial
crossing 185 km swath 16-day repeat
L7- seasonal global
cloud-free coverage

• Climate Applications
• Regional land cover land use change carbon
  consequences
• Regional biomass change carbon consequences

• Primary Calibration Strategy
• L4/L5 TM
• Initial Internal lamps on scene-by-scene basis
• Current L5 TM Reconstructed history based on
  lamps, vicarious, outgassing model and ETM Xcal
  5/2003 -gt
• L7 ETM
• Pre-launch calibration monitored by on-board
  lamps, diffuser and vicarious calibration

SLC failure May 2003
5
LDCM Sensor(s)
Based on draft documents on LDCM website 5/06,
subject to change
5 VNIR bands - 30 m 3 SWIR bands including cirrus
detection band - 30 m 1 Panchromatic band - 15
m Possible thermal band option

• Climate Applications
• Regional land cover land use change carbon
  consequences
• Regional biomass change carbon consequences

• Primary Calibration Strategy
• Internal Lamps
• Lunar views
• Solar diffuser

6
Landsat Climate Change Applications

• Land Cover Land Use Change (LCLUC) studies
• Forest Biomass and Land-Use Change in Central
  Africa Reducing Regional Carbon Cycle
  Uncertainty
• Comparative Studies on Carbon Dynamics in
  Disturbed Forest Ecosystems Eastern Russia and
  Northeastern China
• http//lcluc.umd.edu

• Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive
  Processing System (LEDAPS)
• North Americans forest disturbance and surface
  reflectance mapping using Landsat data for North
  American Carbon Program
• http//ledaps.nascom.nasa.gov/ledaps/ledaps_NorthA
  merica.html

• National Carbon Accounting System (NCAS)
• comprehensive picture of land cover change over
  the Australian continent for the past 30 years
  using Landsat data.
• http//www.greenhouse.gov.au/ncas/activities/landc
  over.html

• Statewide Landcover and Trees Study (SLATS)
• Monitoring land cover change and greenhouse gas
  emissions in Queensland, AU
• http//www.nrm.qld.gov.au/slats/index.html

7
Landsat-7 ETM VIS/NIR Calibration Strategy

• Calibration Working Group
• NASA
• USGS
• 2 University Vicarious Calibration Teams
• 2 thermal band vicarious calibration teams
• Twice Yearly meetings

• Radiometric Calibration Hardware
• Internal lamps --every scan
• Primary - 99.9 of scenes
• Secondary - 0.1 of scenes
• Solar diffuser - Full Aperture Solar Calibrator -
  monthly
• Partial Aperture Solar Calibrator-daily

8
MODIS

• Climate Applications
• Advances CZCS and AVHRR
• nLw, Chlor_a, aerosols, clouds, H2O vapor,
  vegetation indices, snow/ice, land cover/dynamics

• Primary Calibration Strategy
• Full aperture Solar Diffuser with SDSM
• Spectro-radiometric calibration assembly for
  spatial and spectral partial aperture
  characterization
• Lunar
• Vicarious techniques

9
VIIRS for NPOESS

• Climate Applications
• Build on MODIS data set heritage

• Primary Calibration Strategy
• Spectralon Solar Diffuser (100 Earthshine
  rejection)
• Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (8 bands)
• Lunar observations

10
Aerosol Polarimeter SensorShown is the RSP

• Coverage
• Polarimetry and radiometry between 400 and 2300
  nm
• Along track scanning, narrow swath
• A-train position

• Climate Applications

• Primary Calibration Strategy
• On-orbit calibration approaches
• Data Heritage
• Research Scanning Polarimeter, POLDER, MODIS, Sun
  Photometer network EOSP

• APS Science Requirements
• Aerosol refractive index, single scattering
  albedo, and shape
• Aerosol optical thickness
• Aerosol particle size

11
Advanced Baseline Imager for GOES-R

• 6 Spectral Bands, resolution of 0.5 to 2 km
• Full disk or CONUS in 5 min, 30 s mesoscale
  images

• Primary Calibration Strategy
• On-orbit, sun-activated target
• Proposed special target, Swales development
  (Bremmer)

• Climate Applications
• Aerosols, vegetation, clouds ( thin cirrus),
  fire/burn scar detection, snow/ice