Photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis strikes back!
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Photosynthesis

• The process to synthesize
• (the energy of an organic molecule) from
  and ,
• ( molecules) using energy

glucose
chemical
water
CO2
light
inorganic
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• Producer

• Consumer

AUTOTROPH
HETEROTROPH
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Examples of Autotrophs

• Auto self Troph nutrition
• Green plants
• Algae
• photosynthetic protists

Euglena
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Modes of Nutrition
Heterotrophs

• ____________ must get their food by consuming
  autotrophs or other heterotrophs.
• BOTH autotrophs and heterotrophs must break down
  food into a usable form of energy called ________

ATP
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Nearly all of the energy that powers ____ on
  Earth originally comes from the ____. Basis of
  
• Some organisms, called _________, are able to use
  light energy from the sun to _______ food. Free
  from algae in ocean.

life
sun
food chain
autotrophs
O2
synthesize
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Photosythesis in a nutshell

• This is the key cellular process that is
  associated with __________ production.
• Photosynthesis uses ___________ from the sun,
  _______________ gas and water to make high energy
  ________________.
• __________ gas is also produced as a waste
  product.

energy
light energy
carbon dioxide
carbohydrates
oxygen
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The photosynthesis equation

• 6H2O 6CO2 C6H1206 6O2
  
• 6 water 6 Carbon Dioxide reacts to form
  glucose 6 oxygen
• The equation is the opposite of
  ________________________!!

Light energy
enzymes
cellular respiration
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Harnessing the power of the sun

• The suns energy reaches the Earth as different
  wavelengths of visible and non-visible light. (
  we can only see a fraction of it!)
• Humans see light as color,
• Which is _________off of objects.

reflected
This t-shirt absorbs all colors except red, which
we view because it is reflected.
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Photosynthetic pigments

• ___________ is the pigment in green plants which
  captures light energy.
• It is found in _____________.

Chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
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Chlorophyll absorbs
blue
And violet light
The force is very strong in this
class.. Understanding photosynthesis, they are.
Which are used in photosynthesis.
It reflects
When chlorophyll is exposed to sunlight,
electrons are excited. They are picked up by
electron carriers (NADP to NADPH) sound
familiar?!?!
Green light
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Light energy is converted to chemical bond energy
in glucose for

• ATP usable energy for metabolism
• Joined by
• and temporarily stored as
• Joined by dehydration synthesis and made into to
  cellulose to form

dehydration synthesis
starch
cell walls
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Light-Dependent Reactions (light reactions or
photolysis)

• Takes place within the thylakoid membranes of the
  chloroplasts.
• Requires ___________ to take place.
• As light is absorbed, H2O is split into H and O.
  Electrons from water recharge those that
  chlorophyll lost to form NADPH.

sunlight
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Light Reactions Continued
Behold the beautiful light of the sun!
Take me to the movies!
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Light RXNS continued

• The electrons from chlorophyll enter an electron
  transport chain.
• Proteins in the membrane cause _____________ to
  enter the innermembrane space of the
  ________________.
• An electronic __________ is established!!

They have penetrated the Death Star!!!
Protons (H)
chloroplast
gradient
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Light RXNS, again.
ATP Synthase

• _________________ (enzyme) allows H to rush back
  across the membrane. ADP is converted to ______

ATP
Products of light reactions____________,
____________ and _______
Oxygen gas
ATP
NADPH
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The DARK Reactions (AKA Calvin Cycle/light
independent)
MELVIN, I AM YOUR FATHER. JOIN THE DARK SIDE

• Occur in the dense solution outside grana. Does
  NOT require ________________.

stroma
Sunlight energy
I won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1961 for
my discover of the Calvin CycleFunny, cause my
last name is Calvin, too!!
Uh oh! Does that mean Princess Leia is my
sister?!? But I am in love with her!
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Light Independent (DARK) reactions
C-14 proves it!

• atoms from the light reactions and the
  taken from the atmosphere, combine and form a
  3-C intermediate sugar. Fuel is using ATP and
  NADPH from the light rxns, and voila! A
  six-carbon sugar is produced!

Hydrogen
CO2
PGAL
glucose
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Factors Affecting Photosythesis

• The _____at which photosynthesis occurs is
  affected by 3 main factors (thus affecting the
  amount of glucose produced)

rate
Temperature
Amount of water
Intensity of sunlight
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Amount of water

• Water returns electrons to chlorophyll, so a
  limited supply of water will stop photosynthesis.
• Many plant have ____________to conserve water.

adaptations
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Temperature

• Photosynthesis uses _____________ which function
  best between 0 and 35 degrees C. (32- 100 degrees
  F)
• This is the ________ temperature range for
  photosynthesis to take place.

enzymes
optimal
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Intensity of Sunlight

• With a greater intensity of sunlight, plants can
  perform ______________________!
• There is much greater intensity in the
  tropics______________________ than there is a
  higher latitudes.
• Tropical climates can support more
  _______________ and have _________________________
  __.

more photosynthesis
( 0 to 22.5 degrees latitude)
biodiversity
A continuous growing season
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May the Force Be with you!
Of BIOLOGY!