Phenomenological Approaches - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 16
About This Presentation
Title:

Phenomenological Approaches

Description:

Phenomenological Approaches. Holistic, Qualitative, Idiographic ... Phenomenological Method. focus on individual experience of the world ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:1969
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 17
Provided by: wwwpsych
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Phenomenological Approaches


1
Phenomenological Approaches
  • What is Phenomenology?
  • Binswanger Authenticity
  • Carl Rogers Self-Actualization
  • George Kelly Constructive Alternativism
  • Csikszentmihalyi Flow

2
  • Biological Approach
  • Objective, observable situational influences
  • Rigorous use of scientific method
  • Psychodynamics
  • Subjective, unconscious experience
  • Unobservable, cant use scientific method
  • Phenomenology
  • Focus on conscious individual experience
  • Introspection
  • Integrative view

3
Three Aspects of Existence
Eigenwelt Ownworld
Mitwelt Withworld
Umwelt Aroundworld
4
Main Characteristics ofPhenomenological
Approaches
  • Holistic, Qualitative, Idiographic
  • complete description of human existence
  • taking the individuals own perspective
  • Phenomenological Method
  • focus on individual experience of the world
  • focus on interpretation of events, not the events
    themselves

5
Theoretical Background of Phenomenological
Approaches
  • Humanistic Psychology
  • e.g. Rogers, Kelly
  • looks at higher human motives, self-development,
    esthetics
  • Existential Philosophy
  • e.g. Sartre
  • focus on peoples personal decisions,
    subjectivity, individuality
  • life is only meaningful, if we make it meaningful

6
What makes life meaningful?
  • Achievement
  • Spirituality
  • Relationships
  • Art
  • Social Responsibility
  • Developing Ones Potential

7
Ludwig Binswanger (1881-1966)
  • Existence vs. Essence
  • The Givens of Existence
  • thrownness
  • ambivalent physical body
  • choice/freedom
  • anxiety/guilt
  • death
  • Authenticity vs. Inauthenticity

8
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
  • Core of human nature is positive
  • Culture and environment teach us to behave in
    negative ways.
  • Basic goal is self-actualization.
  • Individuals perceive the world uniquely ?
    phenomenal field
  • Self Key part of ones personality

9
Rogers Definition of Self
  • Organized and consistent pattern of perceptions
  • Primarily conscious
  • Different from the ideal self (perceptions
    and meanings that are self-relevant and that are
    valued highly)
  • Is measured by
  • Adjective Checklist
  • Q-sort
  • Semantic Differential

10
Demonstration Semantic Differential
11
  • Conditions of Worth
  • conditional positive regard
  • conditional positive self-regard
  • Incongruity
  • real self
  • ideal self
  • Defenses
  • perceptual distortion
  • denial, projection
  • Ideal Therapist
  • congruent
  • unconditional
  • positive regard
  • empathy
  • respect

12
George Kelly (1905-1966)
  • Used the fruitful metaphor of seeing ordinary
    people as scientists
  • A persons processes are psychologically
    channelized by the way in which he anticipates
    events
  • Laypeople AND scientists
  • subject to hidden psychological forces
  • trying to predict the world by understanding its
    mechanisms

13
Constructive Alternativism
  • Multiple possible world views
  • People describe the world along bipolar
    dimensions (constructs)
  • Some constructs are related (schemas)
  • Social groups/cultures/families have similar
    constructs

14
Measuring the Construct System
  • Role Construct Repertory Test (REP)
  • Participant gives list of persons who are most
    important
  • Participant lists dimensions on which pairs of
    three are rated
  • Constructs differ in content and complexity

15
Demonstration REP
16
Constructs Emotions
  • New information challenges existing construct
    system - constructs are no longer validated
    (predicting the world correctly)
  • Impermeable and preemptive constructs are
    problematic
  • Constructs need to change - if not, negative
    emotions are the consequence
  • anxiety existing constructs threatened
  • guilt behaving in discordance to constructs
  • aggression forcing others to fit my constructs
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com