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A AS Psychology.. Key Studies

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Could we devise an experiment to find out is this is the case? ... Phallic 5/6 years old. Bandura Ross & Ross. The BOBO doll study ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: A AS Psychology.. Key Studies


1
A / AS Psychology.. Key Studies
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Key study
  • Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)

2
Bandura, Ross Ross
  • Do children learn behaviour from T.V.?
  • Could we devise an experiment to find out is this
    is the case?
  • Consider how you would plan this experiment.

3
The Question?
Nature vs. Nurture
  • Nature
  • To what extent do we get our skills, attitudes,
    and so on directly through our genes from our
    parents?
  • Are we born aggressive?
  • Nurture
  • Do children learn behaviour from the behaviour
    they see around them?
  • Do we learn aggression?

4
Specifically.
  • Can aggressive behaviour be learned by
    observation?
  • NB This was the study that triggered the TV
    violence debate

5
Before we begin.Albert BANDURA
  • List two behaviours you think might be learned by
    watching others.
  • List two behaviours you think could not be
    learned in this way.

6
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Aim If children were witnesses to an aggressive
    display by an adult they would imitate this
    aggression when given the opportunity.
  • TWO adult role models -
  • one male and one female and a female experimenter

7
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • The participants
  • 72 children (Stanford University nursery school)
  • 36 boys 36 girls
  • age range 37 months - 69 months
  • Mean age 52 months

8
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Method a laboratory experiment in controlled
    conditions.
  • There were three conditions
  • 24 children in each condition

9
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • The THREE CONDITIONS
  • Non aggressive condition
  • Aggressive condition
  • Control condition

10
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Non aggressive condition
  • and
  • Aggressive condition
  • There were male and female role models
  • 12 children in each

11
Bandura Ross Ross
12
Bandura Ross Ross
13
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Thus
  • 6 boys saw aggressive male
  • 6 boys saw non-aggressive male
  • 6 boys saw aggressive female
  • 6 boys saw non-aggressive female

14
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Thus
  • 6 girls saw aggressive female
  • 6 girls saw non-aggressive female
  • 6 girls saw aggressive male
  • 6 girls saw non-aggressive male

15
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Level 1 Independent Variable (IV)
  • Aggressive or non-aggressive role model
  • Level 2 Independent variable (IV)
  • Same sex or opposite sex role model
  • Dependent variable
  • Observed Behaviour of children

16
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • In order to ensure that each group contained
    equally aggressive children they were all rated
    for aggression before the experiment
  • rated on
  • physical aggression, verbal aggression
  • aggression to inanimate objects
  • aggression inhibition (self control)

17
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • What happened then?
  • Children taken one at a time
  • Phase one of the experiment
  • Modelling the behaviour phase

18
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • What happened then?
  • Phase two of the experiment
  • The AROUSAL phase
  • This was necessary to provoke the children

19
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • What happened then?
  • Phase three of the experiment
  • The OBSERVATION phase

20
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • What was observed?
  • The criteria
  • Aggression - physical verbal
  • Imitative aggression
  • Non-imitative

21
The Results
22
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • The conclusion
  • Learning can take place by observation without
    classical or operant conditioning
  • Children more likely to learn from same sex
    models

23
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • The conclusion
  • Bandura suggested Freuds theory of
    identification may be used to explain how
    learning took place.
  • Which of Freuds stages might these children have
    been in?
  • Phallic 5/6 years old

24
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Thinking about British Psychology Society
    guidelines
  • WAS THIS STUDY ETHICAL?
  • What are the issues?
  • If not ethical WHY not?

25
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Thinking about methodology
  • Does this study have ecological validity?
  • If not ecologically valid - why not?

26
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • Thinking about the participants
  • To whom can we generalise the findings?

27
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • The debate as regards children learning
    aggressive behaviour from watching violence on TV
  • How might watching TV differ from the experience
    of the children in the Bandura experiment?

28
Bandura Ross Ross The BOBO doll study
  • THE END
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