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Pathophysiology of Anemia

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Nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamin B-12, folic acid) ... pernicious anemia (body's inability to. absorb Vit B-12) Management & Medications ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pathophysiology of Anemia


1
Pathophysiology of Anemia
  • Shortage of RBC, so anemic blood cannot carry as
    much O2 as normal blood
  • Nutritional deficiencies (iron, vitamin B-12,
    folic acid)
  • Decreased production of RBC (chronic kidney
    failure, chronic inflammation)
  • Shortened red cell life span (sickle cell
    disease, thalassemias, hemolytic anemias)

2
Pathophysiology of Anemia
  • Symptoms include easy fatigability with exercise,
    SOB, decreased work capacity
  • low O2 carrying capacity
  • iron-containing muscle enzymes
  • aerobic exercise tests are virtually
    always abnormal

3
Pathophysiology of Anemia
  • At rest --gt increased Q and breathing rate
  • compensating for low O2 and CO2 carrying
    capacity
  • Rightward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation
    curve leads to
  • Increased percentage of O2 extraction by the
    tissues / muscles

4
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5
Management Medications
  • Nutritional Deficiencies (identify, prevent,
    and/or supplement)
  • Iron replace in iron-poor diet increase
    intake to match menstrual losses
  • Folic acid - supplement
  • Vitamin B-12 supplement
  • pernicious anemia (bodys inability to absorb
    Vit B-12)

6
Management Medications
  • Decreased RBC production (renal failure)
  • Erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates
    bone marrow to make RBC)
  • Shortened Life Span
  • Transfusions risk for hemochromatosis
    (Iron overload) ? organ failure

7
Exercise Response Training in Anemia
  • During exercise --gt HR and ventilation increase
    more rapidly
  • reduction in O2 carrying capacity is
    overcome by increasing blood flow
  • Less potential for an increase in performance
    with training
  • physiologic reserve is used by the
    compensatory mechanisms during rest

8
Exercise Response Training in Anemia
  • Avoid vigorous exercise be cautious of
    dehydration
  • Main goal of the exercise program is to improve
    endurance
  • Aerobic tests will probably end sooner
    than predicted
  • if anemia is corrected, improvement in
    performance is normal
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