Early Childhood The History of Head Start

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Early ChildhoodThe History of Head Start

• Santiago, Chile
• July, 2006

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Propositions

• To improve the well-being of all our children, we
  need to integrate educational, medical public
  health approaches
• We have models for doing this
• What stands in our way are
• - Inadequate political will
• - Incompletely developed social strategies

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21st Century Community Factors that Affect Child
Wellbeing

• Poverty
• Ethnicity
• Geography
• Environment
• Family configuration
• Parental occupation
• Stress
• Isolation

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Outcomes

• Violence
• Child Abuse
• Homelessness
• Hunger
• Depression
• Suicide
• Drug/alcohol
• HIV/AIDS

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Percentage of 6th-12th graders with high risk
behaviors, by number of assetsfrom Benson,
Leffert, Scales, Blyth (n99,462)
Source Benson et al.
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Richmond Model

• Knowledge Base
• Statistics
• Best Practices
• Social Strategy
• Macro
• Micro
• Political Will

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FROM CRADLE TO CLASSROOM HEAD START EARLY
HEAD START

• Catherine Ayoub
• Santiago, Chile
• July, 2006

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What is Head Start Now?
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Head Start (1964)3-6 year oldscomprehensivece
nter-based Early Head Start (1995) birth to 3
year oldscomprehensivehome, center or mixed base
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Early Head Start Head Start Are Intensive,
Two-Generation Programs
Child Development Learning
Self-Sufficiency Healthy Families
Parenting
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Facts About Early Head Start/Head Start Programs

• Head Start Over 19,800 programs serving about
  907,000 children
• Early Head Start Over 650 programs serving about
  62,000 children
• Children living in poverty
• 12.5 of children in Head Start are children with
  disabilities

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Grants for Program Operationfor Early Head
Start/Head Start Programs

• Federal Local
• Public Agencies
• Private Organizations
• Indian Tribes
• School Systems

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Head Start Performance Standards Four
Cornerstones

• Child Parent
• Staff Community

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Implications for Programs From Head Start the
Early Head Start Research Evaluation

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The Early Head Start Research1995-2009

• 17 Early Head Start programs
• 3,001 children families
• Evaluation at 14, 24, 36 months, 4.5 years, 5th
  grade.
• Used random assignmentprogram control group
• National evaluator Mathematica Policy Research
• Local researchers 15 Universities
• Programs chose research partners

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Early Head Start Research Sites
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Positive Impacts Multiple Dimensions of
Childrens Development

• Health

• More often have current immunizations
• Fewer emergency room visits for accidents and
  injuries

Cognitive

• Smaller percent with Mental Development Index lt
  85
• Higher Average Bayley Mental Development Index

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Positive Impacts Multiple Dimensions of
Childrens Development

• Language

• Larger receptive vocabularies
• Smaller percent with language delay (PPVT lt 85)

Social-emotional development

• Lower levels of aggressive behavior
• Higher sustained attention with objects
• Greater engagement of parent with child
• Child shows less negativity toward parent

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Positive Impacts in Parenting

• Greater warmth and supportiveness
• Less detachment
• More parent-child play
• More stimulating home environments
• More support for language and learning
• More daily reading
• Less spanking by both mothers and fathers

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EHS Benefited Some Groups That Have Been Hard to
Serve

• Teen parents
• Parents at risk for depression aat enrollment

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Theory of Change for Head Start Professionals

• Knowledge Meaning Skill
• Training Reflection Action

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Skills for Teaching (FACES)

• Child development knowledge
• Cognitive, Social, Emotional, Physical
• Normal Atypical
• Parent child relationships
• Solid curriculum measurement of progress
• Role models support for learning
• Perspective taking reflective practice

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Continuous Service Improvement

• Staff continuing education
• Curriculum standards assessment
• Practical use of evaluation instruments
• Feedback to programs on strengths obstacles to
  quality

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Develop a Program

• Comprehensive
• Two Generational
• Whole child
• Parent involvement
• Uniform standards
• Staff support training
• Tried curriculum
• Community involvement
• Evaluation (CPI)