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DIABETES

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DIABETES. Diabetes mellitus metabolic disease characterized by ... Relieve and prevent diabetes related symptoms. Maintain blood glucose levels (80-150 mg/dL) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: DIABETES


1
DIABETES
  • Diabetes mellitus??metabolic disease
    characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from
    defects in insulin section, insulin action or
    bothlead to long-term damage, dysfunction and
    failure of various organs eyes, nerves, heart and
    blood vessels.
  • There is IDD (type 1) NIDD (type 2)

2
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
  • Because cells cant use the circulating blood
    glucose, as result of lack of insulin the nervous
    system signals the person to eat which promotes
    the rise of blood glucose levels as well as
    elevated circulating cholesterol
  • Early signs and symptoms?dry mouth, thirsty,
    increased urination (at night), increased
    appetite, un-intended weight loss

3
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS cont.
  • ? no or low insulin in tissue, cant use glucose
    effectively, hyperglycemia? rapid onset of
    symptoms? increased osmotic renal load?
    production and excretion of large amounts of
    urine? loss of fluid? dehydration (dry mouth,
    electrolyte loss, cellular dehydration)

4
TREATMENT GOALS
  • Non-pharmacologic therapy
  • Monitor blood glucose levels (patient control
    disorder)
  • Nutrition plan---encourage meal plan, avoid fad
    diets or prolonged fasting
  • Physical activity aerobic exercise by walking,
    swimming, biking, --dont strain the body by
    weight lifting?optic capillary damage
  • Pharmacologic therapy
  • Medication regimen

5
TREATMENT cont.
  • Type 2 treatment goals are nutrition? weight
    loss, meeting blood pressure, blood lipid, and
    blood glucose
  • Exercise?reduce calories, loosing weight,
    increases the sensitivity of cell receptors to
    insulin and hence reduces insulin resistance
    (temporarily)

6
PHARMACIST INTERVENTION
  • Identify gap, teach and monitor self-care
    measures
  • Relieve and prevent diabetes related symptoms
  • Maintain blood glucose levels (80-150 mg/dL)
  • Achieve/maintain optimal weight
  • Have patients become their own primary healthcare
    giver through intensive education
  • Improve control and adherence to prescribed care
    plan over the long term

7
REFER
  • Large Urine ketones
  • Blood glucose 240 mg/dL
  • Persistent nausea, vomiting, diarrhea etc.

8
SKIN CARE
  • Bathe daily w/ mild soap
  • Inspect skin daily
  • Cleanse minor cuts/scratches w/soap and water
  • Refer deep/serious cuts and burns

9
EYE CARE
  • Get an annual dilated eye exam
  • No topical ophthalmic preparations unless Rx
  • Vision changes and eye irritations ? refer

10
FOOT CARE
  • Inspect and clean feet daily
  • Probe areas of feet to assess sensation
  • Wear shoe that fit and comforable
  • Change shoes and socks often
  • Trim nails, dont walk barfoot
  • Inspect shoes for foreign objects before
    inserting feet

11
GOOD SICK DAY COVERAGE
  • Maintain usual/insulin oral agent schedule
  • Increase non-caloric intake
  • Monitor blood glucose and urine ketones
    frequently (q 2-4 hours)
  • Know when to call, or take more insulin
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