Update on the OSU GreenSeeker Program

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Update on the OSU GreenSeeker Program
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Update on the OSU GreenSeeker Program

• Review
• Strip Calibration
• Visual
• Sensor
• Other Crops
• RT200 Low Resolution GreenSeeker Applicator

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Sensor-BasedNitrogen Management
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0.5
Visible
Near Infrared
Measure of living plant cells ability to reflect
infrared light
Reflectance ()
0.25
PhotosyntheticPotential
Plant Reflectance
0.00
450
550
650
750
850
950
1050
500
600
700
1000
900
800
Wavelength (nm)
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NDVI

• Normalized Difference Vegetative Index
• Developed as an irradiance index for remote
  sensing
• Varies from -1 to 1
• Soil NDVI -0.05 to .05
• Plant NDVI 0.4 to 0.9
• Typical plants with soil background
  NDVI0.3-0.8
• NDVI from different sources vary
• Bandwidths for Red, NIR vary
• Irradiance vs. reflectance based

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Normalized Difference Vegetative Index - NDVI

• Calculated from the red and near-infrared bands
• Equivalent to a plant physical examination
• Correlated with
• Plant biomass
• Crop yield
• Plant nitrogen
• Plant chlorophyll
• Water stress
• Plant diseases
• Insect damage

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GreenSeekerTM Sensor Light Detection and Filtering
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Sensor Function
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Spatial Variability and VR Resolution
Research at Oklahoma State University in 1996
showed that soil nutrients vary within 3
feet Economic analysis indicates nutrients should
be managed at 3 ft by 3 ft areas for best returns
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Temporal Variability
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Procedure to Calculate N Rate
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WINTERWHEAT
NDVI at F5

INSEY
days from planting to F5, GDDgt0
Good predictor of final grain yieldRequires
only one sensor readingWorks over different
regions/biotypes
Units N uptake, kg ha-1 day-1 where GDDgt0
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IKONIS Satellite Image of a Wheat Field Near
Covington, Oklahoma
NDVI Map
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NRich Strip for Determining Benefit of Added
Fertilizer
NRich Strip
Field Rate
Sensor data mapped and images vectorized with SST
Toolbox GIS software
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N Rich Strip Applicator (J. Lawles, S.
Reed)NTech Industrieswww.ntechindustries.com
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Handheld GreenSeekerTM Sensor
Measuring Wheat Breeding Lines
Measuring Corn
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Use the Handheld GreenSeekerTM Sensor to
Calculate Response Index
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In-Season Response Index (RINDVI)
Farmer Check
Non-N Limiting
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http//www.soiltesting.okstate.edu/SBNRC/SBNRC.php
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Procedure to Calculate N Rate
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Summary of Results - 5 On Farm Trials, 2003
Treatment Loc A Loc B Loc C Loc D Loc F Loc G Aver-age
_________________________________ bu/ac ________________________________ _________________________________ bu/ac ________________________________ _________________________________ bu/ac ________________________________ _________________________________ bu/ac ________________________________ _________________________________ bu/ac ________________________________ _________________________________ bu/ac ________________________________ _________________________________ bu/ac ________________________________
Check, 0 lb N/ac 29.2 50.9 13.3 41.1 41.1 49.6 37.5
Preplant, 80 lb N/ac 67.2 69.8 21.8 42.2 47.5 65.9 52.4
Topdress, 80 lb N/ac 61.9 67.7 23.7 36.9 46.4 71.4 51.3
40 lb N/ac Pre Variable Rate 70.7(95) 67.7(59) 22.6(70) 42.7(56) 46.7(49) 68.5(60) 53.2(65)
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Method of Application and Resolution Tipton, OK
2004
Treatment PrePlant N Topdress N Grain Yield N Use Efficiency
lb/ac lb/ac bu/ac
Check 0 0 50.5 ---
Fixed Rate 1 90 0 69.8 30
Fixed Rate 2 0 90 70.3 31
Var. Rate 3 x3 ft 0 30 63.5 60
Var. Rate 6 x 12 ft 0 33 63.5 55
Var. Rate 12 x 24 0 31 60.9 47
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Method of Application and Resolution Chickasha,
OK - 2004
Treatment PrePlant N Topdress N Grain Yield N Use Efficiency
lb/ac lb/ac bu/ac
Check 0 0 18.1 ---
Fixed Rate 1 90 0 25.2 11
Fixed Rate 2 0 90 26.5 13
Var. Rate 3 x3 ft 0 30 24.2 24
Var. Rate 6 x 12 ft 0 33 25.4 23
Var. Rate 12 x 24 0 31 26.0 27
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NDVI - RT500 Hennessy, OK2004
Second N Application
First N Application
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CalibrationStamp
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Winter Wheat Calibration Stamp Applied in
December Visual Interpretation in February or
March
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Topdress N rate prescribed by choosing the lowest
N rate where no visual differences are observed
between that rate and the highest rate
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Results

• Field-specific topdress N rate prescribed by
  choosing the lowest N rate where no visual
  differences were observed between it and the
  highest rate.
• N Rate NDVI N Rate NDVI N Rate NDVI
• 100 0.80 100 0.76 100 0.69
• 80 0.79 80 0.74 80 0.68
• 60 0.78 60 0.68 60 0.69
• 40 0.65 40 0.55 40 0.67
• 20 0.55 20 0.45 20 0.68
• 0 0.51 0 0.41 0 0.54

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Calibration Strips
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ATV Mounted Calibration Strip Applicator
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Spatial Variability and VR Resolution
Research at Oklahoma State University in 1996
showed that soil nutrients vary within 3
feet Economic analysis indicates nutrients should
be managed at 3 ft by 3 ft areas for best returns
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GreenSeeker RT200
GreenSeeker RT500
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GreenSeeker RT200
GreenSeeker RT500
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RT200 and RT 500 Specifications

• Estimated Price 60,000 for 60 ft applicator
• Senses and treats each 2 ft by 2 ft area
• Uses NTech high speed and high resolution
  controller and valves
• Sense and Treat strategy
• Reaction time lt 0.1 s

• Estimated Price 15,000 for 60 ft applicator
• Senses and treats boom width by 20 to 30 feet
• Utilizes existing variable rate sprayer
  controllers and valves
• Combination Sense and Treat, and Sense, Predict,
  and Treat strategies
• Reaction time limited by existing controller and
  valves

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Sensing and Treatment Scale and Strategy
30 ft by 60 ft
RT500
RT200
High Resolution Sense and Treat Strategy
Sensed Area
Treated Area
2 ft by 2 ft
Sense, Predict, and Treat Strategy
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Sensing and Treatment Scale
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RT200 and RT500 Specifications

• 6 sensors on 60 ft boom
• Can readily be mated with existing dry fertilizer
  and anhydrous ammonia applicators
• Fast installation with minimal modifications
• System intended for fertilizer and possibly and
  possibly products such as growth regulators and
  defoliants

• 30 sensor on 60 ft boom
• Existing dry fertilizer applicators cannot be
  used with this system
• System custom installed on each manufacturers
  sprayer /boom
• Can detect and spray weeds in fallow/no-till as
  well as apply fertilizer
• System can be used for other crops and materials

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By-plant-yield (entire plants, stalkear
harvested at the base) over 6 m of row, and
corresponding NDVI sensor readings collected from
the same area at the 7 leaf and 10 leaf growth
stages, 87 and 70 days earlier, Texcoco, Mexico,
2002.
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Corn, Oklahoma - 2003
y 447.03e0.0199x R2 0.78
Kyle Freeman, Ph.D. Student
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CORN
Kent Martin, M.S. Student
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BERMUDAGRASS
y 133.85e1846x R2 0.64
OSU and Noble Foundation
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Hagie Sprayer - Corn
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Gary Wagner, Sugarbeets, MN
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LSU Cotton With RT200
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Grapes in the Napa Valley
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www.nue.okstate.edu
Google Nitrogen Use Efficiency
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Questions