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Biomolecules

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Polymers- large molecules made up of repeated units of ... oleic acid. linolenic acid. three fatty-acid tails. glycerol. triglyceride 3H20. hydrophobic tails ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Biomolecules


1
Biomolecules
  • Biologically important molecules
  • Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon,
    hydrogen and oxygen
  • Make incredible shapes
  • Polymers- large molecules made up of repeated
    units of smaller molecules called monomers

2
Structural formula
Ball-and-stick model
Space-filling model
Models of Methane
3
Carbohydrates
  • Sugars
  • Monomer (CH2O)n
  • MonosaccharidesGlucose
  • Oligosaccharides Sucrose
  • Polysaccharides Cellulose
  • Energy storage and structure

4
fructose
glucose
H2O
sucrose
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cellulose
glycogen
amylose (a starch)
7
Lipids
  • Fats and oils
  • Monomer CH2
  • Fats 1,2 or 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol
  • Sterols- Cholesterol, Steroids
  • Waxes- Beeswax
  • Used for waterproofing, insulation and cell
    membranes

8
Figure 2.21cPage 29
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hydrophilic head
hydrophobic tails
13
hydrophilic head
two hydrophobic tails
cell membrane section
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Proteins
  • Monomer Amino Acid
  • Enzymes- Catalyze metabolic reactions
  • Transport proteins- move things across membranes
  • Structural proteins-keep the structure of cells

16
Amino group (basic)
Carboxyl group (acidic)
R group (20 kinds with distinct properties)
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alanine (ala)
valine (val)
tryptophan (trp)
methionine (met)
proline (pro)
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one peptide group
Linear primary structure
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Tertiary structure
Secondary structure
20
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
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Nucleic Acids
  • Monomer Nucleotide
  • ATP is a Nucleotide
  • Molecules of inheritance hold the code for how
    to make proteins
  • Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid- DNA
  • Ribose Nucleic Acid- RNA

24
nitrogen- containing base
Ball-and-stick model of ATP
sugar
3 phosphate groups
25
Adenine (a base)
Thymine
phosphate group
sugar (deoxyribose)
Guanine
Cytosine
26
Single strand of DNA or RNA
base
phosphate
connected by covalent bond
sugar
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covalent bonding in carbon backbone
hydrogen bonding between bases
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