SALMON (System for Alaska Middle Atmosphere Observation data Network) ---US-Japan collaboration for Global Environment and Arctic Atmosphere Research in Alaska---

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SALMON (System for AlaskaMiddle Atmosphere
Observationdata Network)---US-Japan
collaboration for Global Environment andArctic
Atmosphere Research in Alaska---
Background Aurora Photo by K. Mouri, Nagoya City
Science Museum
SALMON (System for AlaskaMiddle Atmosphere
Observationdata Network) ---US-Japan
collaboration for Global Environment andArctic
Atmosphere Research in Alaska---
Y. Murayama (Communications Research
Laboratory/ National Institute of Polar
Research)M. Ishii, M. Kubota, S. Ochiai, Y.
Kasai, K. Mizutani, K. Igarashi, T. Kikuchi, H.
Mori, H. Masuko (Communications Research
Laboratory) R. W. Smith, M. Conde, R. Collins,
B. Watkins, H. Stenbaek-Nielsen, T. Hallinan,
S.-I. Akasofu (Geophysical Institute,
University of Alaska Fairbanks) J. Shaw
(Environmental Technology Laboratory, NOAA
Now at Montana State University)
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BACKGROUND (1)/ Contents

• ALASKA PROJECT- Global Environment/Arctic
  atmosphere- To develop remote-sensing
  technologies- Intl. collaborations with U. of
  Alaska, Denver, etc.
• SALMON (System for Alaska Mid. Atmosphere
  Observation data Network) - To promote
  effective use of Alaska Project data ?
  real-time data process./display/distribution -
  Connecting atmospheric observation (field exp.)
  and international networking activities -
  Using APAN/TransPAC from Japan to Alaska

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BACKGROUND (2)
Observations of Arctic EnvironmentExperimental
Sites
POKER FLAT, ALASKA
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BACKGROUND (3)/ Core Partners

• CRL (Communications Research Lab.) of Japans
  Ministry of General Affairs
• Geophysical Institute, Univ. of Alaska (UAF)
• Arctic Region Supercomputing Center, UAF

Geophysical Institute, Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks
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TARGET IN ALASKA (1)
Arctic region is characterized by unique
geophysical features...
Aurora is a manifestation of energy input into
polar atmosphere from the space and the sun.
Photo by K. Mori (Nagoya City Science Museum
top)and M. Kubota (CRL bottom)
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TARGET IN ALASKA (2)
Another unique feature is that evidences of the
Global Change are sensitively detected in the
Arctic.
- Ozone Hole in Arctic increasingly. - Global
warming more significant in polar regions.
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CARBON MONOXIDE IN ALASKA
TARGET IN ALASKA (3)
Biomass burning (forest fire etc.), -
Industrial pollution gas, etc.Air flow/effects
from Asia/Siberia to Alaska?
Jet stream
Global distributionof CO in December
G.P. Brasseur, et.al, Atmospheric Chemistry and
Global Cange, Oxford
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CRLS ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT (1)
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Infrared Sun-light Spectrum Observation for
Atmospheric Chemistry in Alaska
CRLS ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT (2)
The solar infrared light is absorbed by 2030
kinds of atmospheric minor gases.
Eample ofSolar infrared spectrum at ground
N2O
O3
O3
Information in the spectrum - The larger amount
of gas, the bigger absorption. - Spectral
broadening represents height above ground.
CO
N2O
N2O
H2O
4.635 ?m
4.631 ?m
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CRLS ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT (3)
CO Long Term Measurement 2001 in Alaska

• In General
• much more CO in spring.
• less CO in summer and autumn.
• - Events seemed to occur
• for example, 24-26 April
• Strong CO at 1 August

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Radio Measurement of Upper Atmosphereand
Climate (Oct. 98-Apr. 99)
CRLS ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT (4)
Alaska Project Data
- Change in 100km, down to surface
ALTITUDE (km)
TOP Observed East-west winds
Meteorological Data
BOTTOM AO (Arctic Oscillation) indexmeasure of
Arctic climate variation Baldwin and
Dunkerton, Science, 2001
Index of Arctic climate
MONTH
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All Sky Imagers
CRLS ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT (5)
Aurora in Alaska
(Super high sensitivityfish-eye CCD cameras)
Fish-eye viewsof special auroras
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INTER-NATIONALLINKS
DATA NETWORK SYSTEM (1)
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DATA NETWORK SYSTEM (2)
Poker Flat, Alaska
CRL Atmospheric Observations
T1 Microwave link
UAF, Alaska
APANTransPAC (24Mbps for CRL)
CRL, Tokyo
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DATA SIZES AND TRANSFER RATES
DATA NETWORK SYSTEM (3)
Peak data transfer rate1.3Mbps (Day)/0.13Mbps
(Night)
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DATA TRASNFER RATE
DATA NETWORK SYSTEM (1)
- FTP 1MB file - Japan to Alaska (incl. T1 link)
ALASKA-JAPAN
Tuned results (tcp_xmit/rcv_hiwat)
Default results
Transfer Rate (Kbyte/sec)
- FTP 1MB file - LAN in CRL (100Base-T)
Same LAN
Default results
Tuned results (tcp_xmit/rcv_hiwat)
TIME
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SUMMARY

1. Alaska Project- Arctic atmosphere
   observation/research program.- Advanced
   instruments for atmospheric observation in
   Alaska (with U of Alaska)- Computer-controlled
   instruments (remotely controlable)
2. SALMON data network system for the Alaska
   Project- Application experiment on APAN/TransPAC
   etc.- Trageting real-time/automatic
   data-processing, display, and data download
   for scientists/general users- Data rates are
   variable according to field experiment status.

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Whats next
Continuous operation of SALMON- SALMON should
be a pilot project for future applications in
atmospheric/geophysics science fields. New
Project Small satellite for GPS occultation
(Kyoto U., Met. Agency, etc.) - Global
temperature/humidity maps - Proposed
satellite EQUARS (to be launched
2006)Tentative requests of data link (data
flow) gt Brazil to Japan (30 MB/day
/satellite) gt India to Japan (30 MB/day
/satellite) gt USA (JPL) to Japan (GB/day)
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T. Tsuda, Kyoto U., private communication, 2003
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Stratorpheric Temperature profile measured by GPS
occultation (CHAMP Mission)
Gravity wave potential energy (Ep) distribution
from temperature variability in the stratosphere.
(Tsuda/RASC)
T. Tsuda, Kyoto U., private communication, 2003
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Data Analysis System for GPS Occultation Measureme
nts with EQUARS/COSMIC (Proposed)
Brazil, Japan
Taiwan, USA
Ground Stn.- Brazil- India
Meteorological Agencies USA, Taiwan,Brazil,
Japan
T. Tsuda, Kyoto U., private communication, 2003