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Gillian Mason

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Handling Quotes in Your Text ... You must give page numbers for direct quotes. ... Tommasini, A. (1998, October 27). Master teachers whose artistry glows in private. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Gillian Mason


1
PS11A - PSYCHOLOGY LABORATORY AND METHODS
ABNORMAL, SOCAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL
  • Gillian Mason
  • 2007/2008

2
Typing
  • Typed / printed on a computer.
  • Double space throughout the entire manuscript
    except the abstract.
  • One inch margins on the left, right, top, and
    bottom of the page.
  • Use normal paragraphs
  • 12 point font. Times New Roman

3
Writing in General
  • You must use complete sentences.
  • Do not use contractions. That is, instead of
    it's, use it is.
  • If you are doubtful about the spelling of a word,
    do not guess.
  • Proofread the copy that you submit and do correct
    minor typographical errors, formatting, spelling,
    or even the wording, with a pencil. These
    corrections are inevitable and will communicate
    that you are serious about your work.

4
Abbreviations and Numbers
  • When abbreviating any terms, spell them out the
    first time
  • The numbers zero through nine are spelled out
    (except when it is a table or figure number, or a
    metric measurement, etc.). The numbers 10 and
    above are written as numbers.
  • In the abstract, use digits for all numbers
    except when they begin a sentence.
  • Spell out any number when it is the first thing
    in a sentence.

5
Citations in the Text
  • If you use someone's words or ideas, credit with
    a citation. The penalties for plagiarism are
    severe.
  • Eg Some fact (last name, year).,
  • Last name (year) noted that..., or
  • In ltyeargt, ltlast namegt reported that...
  • The first time the reference is cited in the
    text, spell out all of the authors last names.
    Example, Miller, Rosellini, and Seligman (1975)
    suggested that...
  • With articles with three or more authors use et
    al. when the reference is cited a second (or
    third) time. For example, Miller et al. (1975)
    suggested that... or ... some fact (Miller et
    al., 1975).

6
Citations in the Text
  • Citation in parentheses needing "and", use the
    ampersand (''). e.g. (Estes Skinner, 1940)
  • Multiple citations in parentheses are placed
    alphabetically and are separated by a semicolon
    and a space. For example, Some fact (Carlson,
    1972 Moon, 1968 Partin, 1980).
  • Citing second hand make it clear (e.g., Some
    fact (Smith, as cited in Jones, 2000).

7
Handling Quotes in Your Text
  • Authors last name, publication year, and page
    number(s) of quote must appear in the text
  • Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response
    frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled
    repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other
    intrusive phenomena (p.11).
  • A traumatic response frequently entails a
    delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of
    hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena
    (Caruth, 1996, p.11).

8
Quotations
  • You must give page numbers for direct quotes. For
    example, Smith (1978) noted that "the world is
    round" (p. 1).
  • Display quotations of more than 40 words as
    free-standing block of text indented 5 spaces
    from the left margin (doubles spaced as usual).
    Omit the quotation marks and include the page
    number in parentheses after the last period.
    Also, if the quotation is more than one
    paragraph, indent the first line of the second
    and any additional paragraphs 5 spaces.

9
Handling Parenthetical Citations
  • Sometimes additional information is necessary . .
    .
  • More than one author with the same last name
  • (H. James, 1878) (W. James, 1880)
  • Two or more works in the same parentheses
  • (Caruth, 1996 Fussell, 1975 Showalter, 1997)
  • Work with six or more authors
  • (Smith et al., 1998)
  • Specific part of a source
  • (Jones, 1995, chap. 2)

10
Handling Parenthetical Citations
  • If the source has no known author, then use an
    abbreviated version of the title
  • Full Title California Cigarette Tax Deters
    Smokers
  • Citation (California, 1999)

11
Handling Parenthetical Citations
  • A reference to a personal communication
  • Source email message from C. Everett Koop
  • Citation (C. E. Koop, personal communication,
    May 16, 1998)
  • A general reference to a web site
  • Source Jamaica Psychological Society web site
  • Citation (http//www.japsysoc.org)

12
Research Reports The order of the sections of
the manuscript are as follows
  • Title Page
  • The manuscript page header
  • The running head
  • Choosing a title.
  • When typing the title, center it on the page and
    capitalize only the first letter of important
    words. On the next double spaced line is the
    author's name and on the next double spaced line
    is the institutional affiliation.
  • For the purposes of this class, I would also like
    you to include something like In partial
    fulfillment of the requirements for PS11A,
    Instructor's Name, ID and the Date.

13
  • 1 Attitudes Towards Abortion
  • Running head ABORTION ATTITUDES IN COLLEGE
    STUDENTS
  • Attitudes Towards Abortion
  • in Caribbean College Students
  • Mark Plonsky
  • University of the West Antilles James Bond
  • In partial fulfillment of the requirements for
    PS11A
  • Instructor's Name

14
Abstract
  • The abstract page is Page 2.
  • Center the word Abstract on this page, begin
    typing on the very next double-spaced line.
  • Concise (120 word maximum), and specific
  • Use digits for all numbers except when they begin
    a sentence.
  • No references in the abstract.

15
Introduction Method
  • Introduction
  • Use normal (5 space indented) paragraphs. Do not
    type the word Introduction.
  • include any hypotheses and the rationale for
    them.
  • Method
  • Center the word Method and continue typing on the
    very next double-spaced line (i.e., do not insert
    any extra blank lines here).
  • For an experiment, divide into four subsections
    subjects/participants, apparatus/instrument,
    design, and procedure.
  • For a survey study the design section is not
    necessary (survey itself may be included as an
    appendix).
  • Subsections flush with the left margin and
    italicized. On the next line, begin typing normal
    paragraphs.

16
Results
  • Results
  • Center the word Results and continue typing on
    the very next double-spaced line (i.e., do not
    insert any extra blank lines here).
  • The format for presenting an inferential
    statistic is Statistic (df) value, probability
    value. (e.g. x² df3, p0.00)
  • Do not discuss implications of the results in
    this section.

17
Discussion
  • Center the word Discussion and continue typing on
    the very next double-spaced line (i.e., do not
    insert any extra blank lines here).
  • Start off with
  • a recap of the purpose of the study
  • a brief, non-technical summary of the results.
  • Discuss the implications of the results by itself
    and how it relates to the literature discussed in
    your introduction.

18
Reference Page
  • A list of every source that you make reference to
    in your paper in ALPHABETICAL order (by last name
    of the first author involved in the study). .
  • Provides the information necessary for a reader
    to locate and retrieve any sources cited in your
    paper.
  • Each retrievable source cited in the essay must
    appear on the reference page, and vice versa.

19
References
  • Start on a new page. Center the word References
    at the top.
  • A hanging indent is employed for each reference
  • For each author, give the last name followed by a
    comma and the first (and middle) initials
    followed by periods.
  • Separate multiple authors with commas and the
    last author with the ampersand ('') rather than
    the word "and".
  • After the author (s) comes the year (in
    parentheses and followed by a period).
  • For a journal reference, italicize the title of
    the journal and the volume number.
  • For a book reference, just italicize the title.
    Only capitalize the first word of the title. Do
    include the city, state (as a two-letter
    abbreviation without periods), and the
    publisher's name.

20
References Some Examples
  • BookShay, J. (1994). Achilles in Vietnam
    Combat trauma and the undoing of character.
    New York Touchstone.
  • Article in a MagazineKlein, J. (1998, October
    5). Dizzy days. The
  • New Yorker, 40-45.

21
References Some Examples
  • Web pagePoland, D. (1998, October 26). The hot
    button. Roughcut. Retrieved October 28,
  • 1998 from http//www.roughcut.com

22
References Some Examples
  • A newspaper articleTommasini, A. (1998, October
    27). Master teachers whose artistry glows in
    private. New York Times, p. B2.
  • A source with no known authorCigarette sales
    fall 30 as California tax rises. (1999,
    September 14). New York Times, p. A17.

23
Other Sections
  • Tables and figures should be able to stand alone
    (i.e., you should not have to read the manuscript
    to be able to understand a table or figure). Use
    the title to help with this.
  • Tables and figures should not duplicate the same
    information or information presented in the text
    of the paper.
  • Tables and figures are most often used to present
    results, but may also be used to present other
    information, such as the design or a theoretical
    schema.

24
Tables
  • Note that APA style tables do not contain any
    vertical lines !!!
  • Type the table number and then (on the next
    double spaced line) type the table title flush
    left and italicized.

25
Figure Captions
  • Each figure caption is typed flush left in block
    format.
  • The word 'figure' and the number are italicized,
    for example, Figure 1. The effects of...
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