Measuring gender relations with GGS data

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Measuring gender relationswith GGS data

• Maria Eugenia COSIO ZAVALA
• Pascal SEBILLE
• CERPOS Centre de Recherche Populations et
  sociétés
• University of Paris X-Nanterre

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• These surveys aim at exploring relationships
  between gender changes and different demographic
  outcomes, such as fertility and formal marriage

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• Gender indicators
• The model and pioneer survey five surveys in
  Asia (K. Mason and al., 1985)
• DHS surveys (including partners negotiations and
  including men)

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GGS, Gender and Generations surveys

• The gender dimension
• In GGS, gender effects can be studied on
• Matrimonial histories
• Fertility (tempo and intensity)
• Living arrangements of the elderly
• Family networks

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• Two classical dimensions of female empowerment
  autonomy and responsibilities in the household
• We grouped the variables in a different manner
  
• household organization
• equality between partners

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• Gender definition in GGS is a multidimensional
  concept, including different aspects access and
  control of resources, such as education, labor,
  durable goods control of womens work earnings
  by herself and of her goods

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• Autonomy freedom in taking decisions, economic
  independence and freedom of movements
• Decision power
• Roles
• Values

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• Dependant variables
• - fertility
• - nuptiality (legal marriage)
• union definition (in GGS-ERFI) living together
  with the partner at least during 3 consecutive
  months

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• Evaluation of the union's probability of giving
  birth to a child, of marrying legally in function
  of
• Sociodemographic variables
• Gender indicators

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• fertility models probability of having a first
  child, the last one before the survey, in the
  current union, for males and females
• marriage models probability of legal marriage
  for males and females

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• Explanatory variables are grouped in three sets
• First socio-demographic variables, partners
  demographic life course and their human capital

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• Two additional sets with gender variables
• a dimension about unions organization, domestic
  tasks by sex, female participation in income and
  decisions

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• a second dimension about equality in unions
  gender relations, womens participation in
  resources management
• modern or traditional values (more or less
  egalitarian)

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• I. socio-demographic variables
• age groups
• duration of the present union
• matrimonial status
• number of previous unions
• having a child before actual union
• education
• womans type of work (full time, partial time, no
  work)
• age difference between partners

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• II. Tasks repartition between partners
• Participation in all tasks (scores)
• Womans contribution to income ()
• Participation in decisions (scores)

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• III. Equality/inequality
• Income management by woman (scores)
• Family values
• - modern
• - traditional

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• MODERN VALUES
• Marriage is no more an appropriate institution
  nowadays
• It is right for partners in an informal union to
  live together even if they have no intention of
  getting married

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• MODERN VALUES
• If people are not happy in their union, they can
  divorce, even if they have children
• A woman can have a child and raise it alone if
  she does not want to have a stable relation with
  a man

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GGS, Gender and generations surveys

• TRADITIONAL VALUES
• Marriage is a link that lasts during all life, it
  is not possible to break it
• To grow happy, children need to live in a family
  unit with a father and a mother

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Some results of GGSERFI in France

• Egalitarian variables have a negative effect on
  the fertility and marriage probabilities.
• Partners age, former matrimonial histories,
  womens work, education and other
  socio-demographic variables have a strong
  influence

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Some results of GGS,ERFI in France

• Personal and family lives of both partners are
  highly important, including matrimonial
  experiences before current union
• They have a significative weight in relation
  with gender indicators, before and during the
  actual union

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Some results of GGS,ERFI in France

• Fertility and nuptiality depend on these personal
  an unions histories and on equalitarian or not
  equalitarian gender relations.
• It is very interesting to have GGS (ERFI in
  France) to show these interactions

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Some results of GGS,ERFI in France

• In France, unions organize tasks with a strong
  specialization by sex. In 8 unions among 10,
  women do more (much more) domestic tasks than
  men.
• BUT equality is predominant in the management of
  resources, with 8 unions among 10 sharing them in
  an egalitarian way

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To know more
www-erfi.ined.fr
Contact cosio_at_u-paris10.fr pascal.sebille_at_wanad
oo.fr
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Thank you!.....
www-erfi.ined.fr
Contact cosio_at_u-paris10.fr pascal.sebille_at_wanad
oo.fr