Properties of Matter 8th Grade

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Properties of Matter 8th Grade

• Adapted from Matter, Building Blocks of the
  Universe Prentice Hall
• Created by Jim Barnaby

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Matter

• Matter
• Anything that has mass and volume
•   Matter is classified into 4 different phases
  (states)
• solid
• liquid
• gas
• plasma

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Phases of Matter (solid)

• A solid has a definite shape and volume. You
  can break it into smaller pieces but each of the
  pieces maintains a definite shape.
• Demonstrate by ripping a piece of paper or other
  solid

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Phases of Matter (liquid)

• A liquid has a definite volume but NO definite
  shape. A liquid takes the shape of its
  container.
• Demonstrate by pouring water into differently
  shaped containers or on tabletop.

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Phases of Matter (gas)

• A gas has NO definite shape and NO definite
  volume. A gas diffuses (spreads out) to fill all
  available space. (example perfume in a room)
• Demonstrate by opening bottle of morning breeze
  H2S

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Phases of Matter (plasma)

• Plasma is high-energy, high temperature gas.
  Plasma occurs when the temperature of a gas
  becomes extremely high. (example the sun)
•  
• These are basic definitions, well build on
  these basic concepts over the next several weeks.

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Physical Property

• Physical Property
• Characteristic that distinguishes one type of
  matter from another. (It describes an object)
  Specific properties of matter make it easy to
  tell one kind of matter from another. Color,
  odor, size, shape, phase, texture, hardness,
  taste, densityetc are all specific properties
  of matter. (We use physical properties to
  differentiate between pepper and salt) There are
  many different physical properties for matter.

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General Properties of Matter

• All matter has the general properties of mass,
  weight, volume and density.
• The four general properties of all matter
• mass
• weight
• volume
• density

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General Properties of Matter (Mass)

• Mass
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object
• The mass of an object is constant--Mass does not
  change unless matter is added or removed from the
  objectYou have the same mass on earth as you do
  while floating in outer space.

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General Properties of Matter (Mass)

• Mass is a measure of the inertia of an object.
  Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes
  in motion. More mass more inertia
•  
• Units for mass gram, kg, mg

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General Properties of Matter (weight)

• Weight
• Weight is the force of gravity on an objects
  mass.
• Weight is a changeable property of matterweight
  changes as the force of gravity
  changestherefore, a person floating in space
  would be weightless (the mass would stay the
  same)

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General Properties of Matter (weight)

• Unit for weight is the Newton (Remember weight
  mass ? gravity)
•  
• Gravity is the force of attraction between
  objects.

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General Properties of Matter (volume)

• Volume
• Volume is the amount of space an object takes up
• Liquids are typically measured in milliliters
  while solids are reported in cubic centimeters
  (cm3, cc)
•   1 ml of water 1 gram
• 1 ml 1 cm3 1 cc

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General Properties of Matter (volume)

• Graduated cylinder is used to measure volume of
  liquids. Meniscus is the curve of liquid in a
  graduated cylinder caused by the surface tension
  of liquids. Read meniscus at the bottom.
• Follow word document on how to read a graduated
  cylinder

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Volume of rectangular solids

• Volume of Rectangular Solids
• Volume of solids is reported in cm3
•  Volume of rectangular solids
• length ? width ? height
•  What is the volume of a cube with sides that
  measure 1cm, 1 cm and 1 cm?
• Volume length ? width ? height
• 1cm ? 1 cm ? 1cm 1cm3

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Volume of rectangular solids

• Follow procedure on word document.
• In a group of 2 calculate the volume of 5
  rectangular solids (textbook, tabletop, boxetc.
  and report the answers in the correct units.

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Density

• Density
• Density is a physical property of all materials
  and all phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas,
  plasma).
• Density is determined by how closely packed
  particles are in a specific volume.
• Demo with Styrofoam block and steel. Greatest
  mass, volume, density?
• Demo hoola-hoop activity (tabletop)

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Density

• Density is the mass per unit volume of an object.
• Density is used to identify and classify
  substances (gold Vs pyrite, salt water Vs fresh
  water, steel Vs. aluminum, solid Vs. liquid)
• I love Density

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I love Density

• Density
• Density

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Density formula

• Density Mass m
• Volume v
•  
• Units g/ml, g/cm3, g/cc
• Remember 1 ml 1 cm3 1 cc

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Floaters and Sinkers

• Density of water 1 g/ml 1 g/cm3
• Objects with a density less than water
• (lt 1 g/cm3) float
• Objects with a density greater than water
• (gt 1g/cm3) sink

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Will it float?

• Everything on planet earth is a floater or
  sinker in water. Which one are you?
•  
• Play will it float? The popular new science
  sensation

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Density Practice problems

• What is the density of a 42 g rectangular solid
  with sides that measure 2 cm, 3 cm and 1.5 cm?
•  
• What is the density of a 24 g rock that has a
  volume of 8 ml?

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More Density Problems

• 75 ml of a liquid has a mass of 50 g. Find its
  density. Will this liquid sink or float in
  water? Explain.
•  
• An object of mass 55.4 g is dropped in 40 ml of
  water. The water level rises to 46 ml. What is
  the density of the object?

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Even More Density Problems

• An object has a density of 3.8 g/cm3 and a volume
  of 20 ml. Find its mass.
•  
• An object has a density of 8.9 g/cm3 and a mass
  of 75 g. Find its volume.

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Buoyancy Review

• Review buoyancy and Archimedes principle from
  last fall
• Buoyancy
• Buoyancy is the upward force on an object in a
  fluid (caused by differences in pressure at the
  top and bottom of the object).
•   Remember when we weighed the brass ring out of
  water and it weighed more than when it was
  suspended in the water.

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Archimedes Principle Review

• Archimedes Principle
• Buoyancy force weight of fluid displaced
•  
• Volume by water displacement
•  Draw on board or word document
• Water level rises with person in pool

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Archimedes Principle Review

• If person gets out of pool, the water rushes back
  in to fill volume
•   Water level drops in the pool
• See word document or draw on board 
• If buoyancy is greater than the weight of the
  object, you float.

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Ab-blaster/Cartesian divers

• Barnaby Ab-blaster (corks float on rice) Do you
  want abs like mine?
• Cartesian diversfill 2-liter bottle to rim with
  water, drop 1-5 eyedroppers in bottle.
• How can you make the eyedropper sink?
• Why does it sink?
• Is this similar to how a submarine works?
• How can volume change for a gas?
• Can volume change for a solid or a gas?
• Work on density practice sheets.

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