LECTURE 15 MARINE CADASTRE

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LECTURE 15 MARINE CADASTRE

• M. Sigit Widodo

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Objectives

• To identify problems and needs from various
  users from
• marine stakeholders
• - To understand and identify rights, restrictions
  and
• responsibilities in the marine environment,
  especially
• in the coastal zone
• To understand the concept and importance of
  marine cadastre

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Topics

• The concept of cadastre
• Discontinuity of land and
• marine cadastre
• Research and development of
• marine cadastre
• Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI)
• in marine environment
• Case study area

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The concept of cadastre
A cadastre is normally the basis or core of land
administration system containing a record of
interests in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and
responsibilities). It usually includes a
geometric description of land parcels linked to
other records describing the nature of the
interest and ownership or control of those
interest, and often the value of the parcel and
its improvements (FIG, 1995).
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The concept of cadastre
It could be said that we do not really own the
land itself, but rather own the right to use the
land in conformity with community laws, practices
and expectations.
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Various Land Rights
(Dale and McLaughlin, 2000)
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Discontinuity of land and marine cadastre
- What about Marine ? - Current cadastre only
cover land and stop at High Water Mark
(HWM). - The interaction of various rights and
responsibilities in time and space of marine
environment imposes complexities that do not
occur with land based spatial data.
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Discontinuity of land and marine cadastre
- There should be a structured administration of
land and marine interface area - An
integrated administrative structure is required
in order to better administer the range of
rights, restrictions and responsibilities in
both the land and marine environment,
especially in the coastal zone
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Examples of marine rights
(Nichols, et.al., 2000)
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Approaches
Marine cadastre is a system to enable the
boundaries of maritime rights and interests to
be recorded, spatially managed and physically
defined in relationship to the boundaries of
other neighbouring or underlying rights and
interests. (Robertson, et al, 1999) It is a
marine information system, encompassing both the
nature and spatial extent of the interests and
property rights, with respect to ownership,
various rights and responsibilities in the
marine jurisdiction. (Nichols, et al, 2000)
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Various Marine Rights
(Nichols, et.al., 2000)
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Research and development in some countries

• 1. Canada
• - Good Governance of Canadas Oceans Project
• - University of New Brunswick
• 2. USA
• - Ocean Planning Information System (OPIS)
• by The Coastal Services Centre, NOAA.
• - 4 states Florida, Georgia, North Carolina,
  South Carolina
• 3. New Zealand

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Marine Related Activities

• Marine Parks Fishing / Reservation Areas
• Mineral Exploration
• Transportation Shipping Lanes and Safety Issues
• Tourism and Recreation Areas
• Environmental and Ecological Issues
• Marine ranching or mariculture

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Legal Institutional Aspects

• Diversity of the laws
• - UNCLOS (UN Convention on the Law of the Sea)
• - Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act
• - Environment Act
• Seas and Submerged Lands Act
• Coral Sea Island Act
• Pipeline and Cable Act
• Fisheries Management Act
• Coastal Management Act
• Crown Land (Reserves) Act

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SDI in marine environement

• ASDI (Australian SDI)
• Commonwealth States relationship
• NMDG (National Marine Data Group)
• Marine cadastre as an infrastructure contains
  dynamic
• information and accessible

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Hierarchy of SDI
Less detailed data
Global Planning
Global SDI
Regional Planning
Regional SDI
National Planning
National SDI
State SDI
State Planning
Local Planning
Local SDI
Corporate SDI
More detailed Data
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Current Initiatives

• - AMBIS (Australian Maritime Boundaries
  Information System)
• ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying
  and
• Mapping)
• - ARC Research on Marine Cadastre 2002-2003
• - AFMA and AUSLIG is developing Fishing Zones
• Bass Strait Forum
• Other marine stakeholders

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Case Study Area Bass Strait

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Case Study Area Bass Strait

Data Sources AHO, AMBIS, VicMap
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Maritime Zones in Australia

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Maritime Zones in Australia

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Closing Quote
The spatial infrastructure supporting the
administration will need to be coherent,
appropriate and affordable. It should enable the
alignment of all systems and procedures of
rights, usage and management so that the spatial
referencing is consistent and readily
interrelated for all users. There is now a
great opportunity to develop a spatial information
infrastructure themes as a component of the
wider marine resources infrastructure.
(Robertson, et al, 1999)
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Exam Question
Describe 3 points of the needs of marine
cadastre.