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Early Chinese Civilizations

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rulers believed they could communicate with the gods to get help ... Legalism: 'School of Law' proposed that human beings ... Legalism was adopted as the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Early Chinese Civilizations


1
Early Chinese Civilizations
2
Geography of China
Mountains and deserts served as barriers that
separated Chinese people from other Asian people.
3
Shang Dynasty
  • Religious beliefs
  • rulers believed they could communicate with the
    gods to get help with their affairs
  • strong belief in life after death
  • human sacrifice
  • spirits of ancestors could bring good or evil

4
Zhou Dynasty
  • Mandate of Heaven
  • belief that kings received their authority to
    command, or mandate, from Heaven
  • it was the kings duty to keep the gods happy,
    failure to do so would lead to decline and new
    dynasty would take over

5
Dao The proper Way
6
Chinese Philosophies
  • Confucianism
  • Concerned with human behavior-proper way to
    behave was in accordance with the Dao
  • View of the Dao-Duty and humanity

7
Duty
  • Five Constant Relationships-parent and child,
    husband and wife, older and younger siblings,
    older and younger friends, and ruler and subjects
  • All people had to subordinate their own
    interests to the broader needs of the family and
    the community.
  • Work Ethic-If each individual worked hard to
    fulfill his or her duties, then the affairs of
    society as a whole would prosper as well.

8
Humanity
  • a sense of compassion and empathy for others
  • Do not do unto others what you would not wish
    done to yourself
  • Measure the feelings of others by ones own
  • Within the four seas all men are brothers

9
  • Daoism
  • inaction rather than action
  • The best way to act in harmony with the
    universal order is to act spontaneously and let
    nature take its course by not interfering with it.

10
  • Legalism
  • School of Law
  • proposed that human beings were evil by nature
  • believed a strong ruler is required to create an
    orderly society

11
Qin Dynasty
  • Changes in Chinese Politics
  • Legalism was adopted as the regimes philosophy
  • anyone who opposed the regime was punished or
    executed
  • centralized state

12
Great Wall of China
  • created to protect against nomadic invaders from
    the north
  • linked existing walls together to create The
    Wall of Ten Thousand Li
  • present wall was ordered 1,500 years after the
    first Qin Emperor

13
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14
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15
Han Dynasty
  • New developments in technology
  • advances in textile manufacturing
  • water mills for grinding grain
  • iron casting
  • steel paper
  • rudders
  • fore-and-aft rigging for ships

16
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17
Purpose of the terra-cotta figures they were a
re-creation of Qin Shihuangdis imperial guard
and were meant to be with the emperor on his
journey to the next world
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