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Dr. Kenneth Alibek

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Peptide weapons (a variant of toxin weapons) Partial Listing of ... Kurgan facility--anthrax. Production capacity 1000 tons annually. Penza facility--anthrax ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Dr. Kenneth Alibek


1
Biological Weapons
  • Presented by
  • Dr. Kenneth Alibek
  • to the USAF Air War College
  • November 1, 1999

HADRON, INC.
2
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Chemical
Biological
Nuclear
STRATEGIC
TACTICAL
3
Factors in BW Effectiveness
  • Choice of agent
  • Deployment method
  • Formulation
  • Manufacturing process
  • Meteorological and terrain conditions

4
Types of BW Threat
  • Bacterial weapons
  • Viral weapons
  • Rickettsial weapons
  • Fungal weapons
  • Toxin weapons
  • Peptide weapons (a variant of toxin weapons)

5
Partial Listing of Known Biological Weapons Agents
6
BW Deployment Methods
  • Vector
  • Contamination of food and water sources
  • Aerosol (the most effective deployment method)

7
Soviet Biological Weapons Developed and Approved
for Use
Tularemia Glanders VEE
Smallpox Plague
Anthrax Q Fever (lt1990) Marburg (gt1990)
STRATEGIC
OPERATIONAL
8
Biological Weapons Being Developed--Late
80s/Early 90s
NATURAL STRAINS
  • Ebola
  • Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
  • Argentinian hemorrhagic fever
  • Melioidosis
  • Lassa fever
  • Japanese encephalitis
  • Russian spring-summer encephalitis

9
Biological Weapons Being Developed--Late
80s/Early 90s
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED STRAINS
  • Antibiotic-resistant (AR) plague
  • AR tularemia
  • AR anthrax
  • Antibiotic- and sulfonamide-resistant glanders
  • Immune system-overcoming (IO) plague
  • IO tularemia
  • IO anthrax
  • Smallpox with VEE genes inserted

10
Types of Biological Weapons
  • DRY
  • Tularemia
  • Anthrax
  • Brucellosis
  • Marburg
  • LIQUID
  • Smallpox
  • Plague
  • Anthrax
  • VEE

11
BW Manufacturing CapacitiesMinistry of Defense
  • Sverdlovsk facility--anthrax
  • 100 tons stockpiled
  • Production capacity gt 1000 tons annually
  • Kirov facility--plague
  • 20 tons stockpiled
  • Production capacity 200 tons annually
  • Zagorsk facility--smallpox
  • 20 tons stockpiled
  • Production capacity 100 tons annually
  • Strizhi (new facility)

12
BW Manufacturing CapacitiesBiopreparat
  • Berdsk facility--plague, tularemia, glanders
  • Production capacity gt 1000 tons annually
  • Stepnogorsk facility--anthrax, tularemia,
    glanders
  • Production capacity gt 1000 tons annually
  • Omutninsk facility--plague, tularemia, glanders
  • Production capacity gt 1000 tons annually

13
BW Manufacturing CapacitiesBiopreparat (cont.)
  • Kurgan facility--anthrax
  • Production capacity gt 1000 tons annually
  • Penza facility--anthrax
  • Production capacity gt 1000 tons annually
  • Koltsovo facility--Marburg, smallpox
  • Exact production capacity unknown dozens of tons
    annually

14
BW Manufacturing CapacitiesMinistry of
Agriculture
  • Pokrov facility--smallpox, VEE
  • Production capacity gt 200 tons annually

15
Munitions, Submunitions, Delivery Means
  • Aviation bombs with biological bomblets for
    strategic and medium bombers
  • Spray tanks installed on medium bombers
  • Multiwarhead ballistic missiles with bomblet
    warheads
  • Cruise missiles with special disseminating
    devices (under development)

16
Epidemiological Pattern of Smallpox Weapon
New foci of secondary infection
Contaminated zone
Infected zone
Zone of initial explosion
17
Epidemiological Pattern of Tularemia Weapon
Contaminated zone
Infected zone
Zone of initial explosion
18
Epidemiological Pattern of Plague Weapon
New foci of secondary infection
Contaminated zone
Infected zone
Zone of initial explosion
19
Epidemiological Pattern of Anthrax Weapon
Contaminated zone
Zone of initial explosion
Infected zone
20
Modes of Infection
PRIMARY AEROSOL
  • Caused by aerosols that form immediately after
    dissemination
  • Affect target objects before sedimentation

SECONDARY AEROSOL
  • Caused by aerosols which have already sedimented,
    but have aerosolized again due to wind or
    activity (building ventilation, vehicular
    activity, street cleaning, maintenance, etc.)

21
Modes of Infection (cont.)
SECONDARY DROPLET
  • Caused by droplet aerosols secreted by people who
    were infected by primary or secondary aerosols
  • Seen only with agents contagious by respiratory
    droplet infection

SECONDARY NON-AEROSOL
  • Transmitted by infected animals (rodents, insect
    parasites) directly or via objects, food or
    water, OR
  • Transmitted by contaminated objects (without
    involving aerosolization)

22
Effectiveness of the USSRs BW
  • Specific expenditure value (Q50) amount of BW
    required to affect 50 of the population evenly
    distributed over one square kilometer (open area)
  • Smallpox, anthrax, tularemia, plague, VEE,
    glanders Q50 3-5 kg/km2
  • Marburg, dry form (and theoretically dry Ebola)
    Q50 1 kg/km2

23
Current Defenses AgainstBiological Weapons
  • Physical
  • Early Detection
  • Limited Capability
  • Protective Gear
  • Inadequate
  • Unrealistic

24
Current Defenses AgainstBiological Weapons
  • Medical
  • Vaccines
  • Available for lt 10 of known agents
  • Genetic engineering can render ineffective
  • Weeks / months to become effective
  • Supplies inadequate
  • Not cost effective
  • Pre-treatment
  • Depends on luck
  • Treatment
  • Marginal success

25
Medical Research Targets
  • Treating and preventing a broad spectrum of
    infections by modulating the immune system
  • Treating and preventing specific infections
    caused by biological weapons

26
Dr. Kenneth Alibek
7611 Little River Turnpike Suite 404W Annandale,
VA 22003 (703) 642-9404 kalibek_at_hadron.com
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