Richard A' Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, and Chris Sabine

1
Surface Ocean CO2 Variability and Vulnerabilities
April 11-14 2007 IOC/UNESCO, Paris United
States National Report
Richard A. Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, and Chris Sabine
2
Outline
Carbon measurements from volunteer ships
Carbon measurements from repeat hydrography tracks
Carbon measurements from moorings
Richard A. Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, and Chris Sabine
3
Surface pCO2 Measurement Projects from Ships
R. Wanninkhof, C.L. Sabine, R. Feely, T.
Takahashi, S. Sutherland, N. Bates, F. Chavez, S.
Cooke, F. Millero and S. Maenner
Goal
To quantify the daily to interannual variability
in air-sea CO2 fluxes and understand the
mechanisms controlling these fluxes.
Approach
Make autonomous surface pCO2 measurements using
research and volunteer observing ships (VOS) to
get spatial coverage at seasonal time scales.
Achievements
The VOS program has outfitted 7 ships and has a
full data exchange policy with 7 other ships.
4
International surface pCO2 observations
from volunteer observing ships
5
NOAAs VOS pCO2 ships
Affiliate Established data exchange and
operational agreements no direct
NOAA OCO funding
6
pCO2 Measurements on VOS Ship Columbus Waikato

• pCO2 system installed in February, 2004
• pCO2 data collected on 13 transects
• Total number of data points collected 134,000
• Return rate 96

7
NOAA Surface Water pCO2 Measurement Program

• Compact 2-box Design
• Required accuracies
• pCO2 2 µatm
• Temperature 0.01C
• Pressure 0.5 mB
• Automated
• Data transmitted to the laboratory daily

8
Installation of pCO2 System on Columbus Waikato

• Standardized every 3 hours
• 10 air, 60 sw measurements/3 hours
• Precision 0.3 µatm
• Daily data
• transmission
• Consistent data reduction

9
VOS Ships
10
CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography
R.A. Feely, C.L. Sabine, R. Wanninkhof, G.C.
Johnson, J.L. Bullister, M. Barringer, C.W.
Mordy, J.-Z. Zhang, M.F. Lamb, D. Greeley, F.J.
Millero, and A.G. Dickson
Goal
To quantify decadal changes in the inventory and
transport of heat, fresh water, carbon dioxide
(CO2), chlorofluorocarbon tracers and related
parameters in the oceans.
Approach
The sequence and timing of the CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat
Hydrography cruises have been selected so that
there is roughly a decade between them and the
WOCE/JGOFS global survey.
Achievements
The U.S. CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program
has completed 8 of 18 lines and is on schedule to
complete global survey by 2012.
Global map of current and planned CLIVAR/CO2
Repeat Hydrography Program hydrographic sections
http//ushydro.ucsd.edu/
11
Completed Repeat Hydrography Cruises
12
U.S. Proposed Repeat Hydrography Ship Tracks
13
Surface pCO2 Measurement Projects
C.L. Sabine, R. Feely, N. Bates, F. Chavez, G.
Friederich and S. Maenner
Goal
To quantify the daily to interannual variability
in air-sea CO2 fluxes and understand the
mechanisms controlling these fluxes.
Approach
Make autonomous surface pCO2 measurements using a
network of surface moorings to get high frequency
temporal resolution.
Achievements
The moored pCO2 program currently has 10 open
ocean and 6 coastal/shelf systems deployed.
14
Moorings with Carbon Measurements
15
Time Series (permanent open ocean moorings)
16
Time Series (permanent shelf and coastal moorings)