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North American Indian Presentation Created By: Reeda Zabik

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To become a chief or leader: had to be respected, trusted, and skilled hunter/warrior ... Clip Art Source. Microsoft Office XP Standard: 2001 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: North American Indian Presentation Created By: Reeda Zabik


1
North American Indian PresentationCreated By
Reeda Zabik
2
Contents of Presentation
  • Apache Indians
  • Cherokee Indians
  • Cheyenne Indians
  • Chippewa Indians
  • Hopi Indians
  • Iroquois Indians
  • Navajo Indians
  • Sioux Indians
  • Bibliography

3
Apache Indians
  • Nomadic Tribe
  • Territory New Mexico and Arizona through
    southeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, Texas,
    and northern Mexico
  • Six Apache Tribes Chiricahua, Jicarilla,
    Mescalero, Kiowa-Apache, Lipan, and Western
    Apache
  • Government Elderly man would connect as the
    headman for the extended family
  • Most dynamic family headman would be acknowledged
    as the leader or chief
  • Male Apache Responsibilities hunted for food,
    went on raids to steal horses, skilled trackers
    of human and animal signs, used sign language,
    flashed sun rays through mirrors, sent smoke
    signals in order to make communication
  • To become a chief or leader had to be respected,
    trusted, and skilled hunter/warrior
  • Female Apache Responsibilities for the children,
    gathered berries, seeds, roots, and nuts, planted
    vegetables, built teepees and wickiups
  • Ceremonies believed there was a greater power in
    the universe, held ceremonies to seek power in
    curing, hunting and celebration in a positive
    harvest
  • Raids and War
  • Raids steal livestock
  • War take revenge on the killing of a tribe
    member
  • Currently there are approximately 50,000 Apache
    living in the United States
  • Live on reservations in New Mexico and Arizona
  • Value ancient traditions
  • Children attend school
  • Many Apache are college graduates

4
Cherokee Indians
  • Lived in mountain regions Virginia, West
    Virginia, parts of North and South Carolina,
    Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama
  • Lived in two kinds of houses
  • Summer oblong- logs with clay and tree bark as a
    roof
  • Winter round with cone-shaped thatched roof-
    warm with thick walls
  • Towns had a chief led council which affected all
    people
  • Cherokee Male Responsibilities warriors, cut
    down trees for planting, built homes, tomahawks,
    war clubs, and canoes, organized games and
    ceremonies for the town
  • Cherokee Female Responsibilities own council
    which discussed issues that went to the town
    meetings, ownership over children, houses, and
    property, planted crops, looked after livestock,
    wove baskets, rugs, mats
  • Ceremonies philosophy of keeping the world in
    balance- ceremonies focused on the harmony
  • Currently professional occupations that keep
    Cherokees heritage alive with creative work

5
Cheyenne Indians
  • Residence Ojibwas who were enemies forced
    Cheyenne Indians to the west into North and South
    Dakota, eventually moving to the Black Hills Area
  • Prior to the force they lived in Minnesota River
    Valley
  • No longer farmed, but started to trace buffalo
    herds on horseback
  • Acquired the Plains Indians lifestyle
  • Buffalo meat main source of food
  • Traveled long distances to trade
  • Allies Arapaho and Sioux tribes
  • Cheyenne Male Responsibilities warriors and
    hunters that were in strong physical and mental
    condition, hunted antelope, deer, elk, wild
    sheep, and buffalo, the main responsibility was
    going to war- raids of stealing enemies horses
  • Cheyenne Female Responsibilities picked berries,
    roots, tanned the teepees hides, sewed the
    clothing, had no power in the council, and
    obtained camp duties when the men went to war
  • Ceremonies danced to bring new life, two
    important objects- Buffalo Hat and Four Arrows
    bring good health, expanded lives, and enough of
    food
  • Currently Northern Cheyenne live between the
    Tongue River and Crow Reservation in Montana,
    Southern Cheyenne live in Oklahoma, but not on a
    reservation

6
Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians
  • Why two names for the tribe?
  • Chippewa-used in United States
  • Ojibwa- used in Canada
  • Territory Upper Great Lakes
  • 18th Century- conquered the Iroquois out of the
    Ontario Peninsula
  • Chippewa did not like the characteristics of the
    Iroquois of being fierce
  • Moved into western Wisconsin, and northeastern
    Minnesota
  • Who were the Indians allies with, the French or
    the English?
  • French wanted to trade but not take the land
    over
  • Traits of the Chippewa Indians woodcraft and
    birchbark canoes
  • Separation of tribes migratory bands
  • Family units for hunting and fishing
  • Crops grew corn and wild rice
  • Ceremonies Midewiwin or Grand Medicine Society
  • Currently one of the largest Native American
    groups between the United States and Canada

7
Hopi Indians
  • Communities over the desert at the prongs of
    Black Mesa- Arizona
  • Belief in War avoid fighting unless attacked
  • Male Hopi Responsibilities hunters of squirrels,
    gophers, and rabbits, harvested corn and beans,
    cared for the livestock, collected wood, created
    clothing through wool, leaders of secret
    societies
  • Kivas an underground room that is used for
    societies meetings, ceremonies and relaxation
  • Female Hopi Responsibilities prepared the food
    and stored in baskets and pots, made pottery and
    baskets, cleaned the house and carried water
  • Ceremonies philosophy to take care of the earth
    and all ceremonies are based on humans
  • Represent life from birth to death
  • Ceremonial year divided into halves
  • Currently three Mesas where the traditional
    Hopi Way is valued and cherished

8
Iroquois Indians
  • Iroquois Combination six nations of North
    American people
  • Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca and
    Tuscarora
  • Territory New York and west of the Hudson River
  • Advanced in the Eastern Woodlands political,
    cultural, and in the military
  • Male Iroquois Responsibilities built houses,
    hunted, fished, and created war
  • Female Iroquois Responsibilities worked the
    fields, determination of village councils
  • Iroquois society centered on warfare, captives
    were tortured or placed in slavery
  • Ceremonies focused on agriculture
  • Currently various tribes

9
Navajo Indians
  • Territory Northwest New Mexico, Arizona, and
    Southeast Utah
  • Housing hogans
  • Economy farming, sheep, goats, cattle
  • Social unit bands of families and tribes
  • Religious Ceremonies life began from ancestors
    being brought up from the worlds surface
  • Items of significance painted pottery, rugs and
    sandpainting
  • Sandpainting is created when someone is sick
  • World War II Codetalkers used language as the
    basis for fast communication in the
    Pacific-Campaign
  • Currently largest indigenous population in the
    United States
  • Successful trading
  • Independent tribal government

10
Sioux Indians
  • Territory Great Plains Area
  • Three main Sioux groups Lakota, Dakota, Nakota
  • Way of life hunted buffalo, lived in teepees,
    pride in sun dance
  • Warfare games, fighting showed bravery
  • Culture mobile on horseback, hunt buffalo, being
    soldiers
  • Ceremonies supernatural power, significance of
    peace pipe
  • Female Sioux known for porcupine-quill and bead
    embroiders
  • Ghost Dance 1890, inspired the massacre at
    Wounded Knee
  • Currently live on reservations
  • North and South Dakota, Montana, and Nebraska

11
Bibliography
  • Book Sources
  • Frankin, Paula A. and Morton Fried. Indians of
    North American. New York, 1981.
  • Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk. The Apaches.
    Holiday House New York, 1997.
  • Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk. The Cherokees
    Holiday House New York, 1996.
  • Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk. The Cheyennes.
    Holiday House New York, 1996.
  • Sneve, Virginia Driving Hawk. The Hopis. Holiday
    House New York, 1995.
  • Electronic Sources
  • Grolier, Inc. Cd-Rom 1997
  • Internet Sources
  • Yahooligans! Reference The Britannica Concise.
    2000
  • ia
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