Part II

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Part II The Individual and SocietyChapter 4
Socialization and the Life Cycle

• Lecture 5

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• http//www.angelfire.com/linux/tsuji/

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Nature vs. Nurture

• 
  Nature
• Human beings
• 
  Nurture

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Nature vs. Nurture

• Sociobiology
• The systematic study of the biological basis of
  all forms of human social behavior
• Lower organism (animals) Human beings
• Genetic constraints on human social behavior
• Sociology
• - The primary determinants of human social
  behavior are social environment and social
  interactions based on culture
  

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Socialization

• How have we become who we are?
• Through the process of socialization we have
  learned values, norms and other requirements
  necessary for effective participation in group
  and society.
• The process whereby the helpless infant
  gradually becomes a self-aware, knowledgeable
  person, skilled in the ways of the ways of the
  culture into which he or she is born.

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Socialization

• The study of the developmental process of
  individual
• Psychology
• Biological factors
• Early childhood
• Sociology
• Social interaction/environment
• Life-long socialization
• Social Psychology

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Theories of Socialization

• Symbolic Interactionism
• G. H. Mead
• Mind, Self and Society (1943)
• The Development of Self

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Theories of Socialization

• Socialization is a process in which the self
  emerges out of interaction with others.
• Self
• Ideas and attitudes about ones own personal and
  social identity ( personality)

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Theories of SocializationG.H. Mead

• 2. Role-taking is central to socialization.
• (1) Preparatory stage
• Imitating the actions of those around them
• ?

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Theories of SocializationG.H. Mead

• ?
• Play stage
• Taking the role of the other learning what it
  is like to be in the shoes of another person.
  (P.92)
• Significant others
• ?

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Theories of SocializationG.H. Mead

• ?
• Game stage
• Generalized others
• Learning the overall values and morality

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Theories of Socialization

• Jean Piaget
• (1896-1980)
• Social Psychologist
• The Stages of Cognitive Development

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Theories of SocializationJean Piaget

• Socialization is the process in which children
  learn how to think (cognition) about themselves
  and their environment. (p.93)
• Childs active participation in socialization
  process

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Theories of Socialization

• Eric Erikson
• Childhood and Society (1963)
• Life-long Socialization

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Theories of SocializationEric Eriksen

• Every phase of life requires additional
  socialization to resolve the new conflicts that
  shape the persons sense of self and ability to
  perform social roles successfully.
• Teenager
• Young adulthood
• Mature adulthood
• Old Age

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Socialization, Culture and Individual Freedom

• Society creates us?
• or
• Society is created by us?

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Sociological Approach to Socialization
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Agents of Socialization

• The Family
• The Schools
• The Community
• Peer Relationships
• Religion
• Mass Media
• Works

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Socialization

• Tarzan of the Apes