Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation Department of Soil Hygiene

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Research Institute for Soil and Water
Conservation Department of Soil Hygiene

• State of Load of Agricultural Soils by
• Risk Substances

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Monitoring Project

• The project of Ministry of Agriculture of CR (The
  load of Food chain by risky substances)
• Duration - 1993 - 2006
• Extent - 45 districts (cca 50 of total amount)
• Commodities - Soil, fodder plants
• Risky substances - potentially risky elements,
  persistent organic pollutants
• Character of monitoring - state of load

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Material and methods

• 2-3 districts per year
• 50 samples in 1 district on average (1 sample on
  25 km2
• Agricultural soil arable soil, pastures and
  meadows
• Plants fodder plants (Medicago sativa,
  Trifolium hybridum), grass species (Dactylis
  glomerata, Poa pratense, Festuca pratense,
  Trifolium repens)

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Material and methods

• Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and
  dibenzofuranes (PCDD/F)
• since 1999
• 20 soil samples per year
• the area of Czech Republic (the separation on the
  base of soil load and soil use)
• the collection of 146 soil samples

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Material and methods

• The selection of localities
• The use the maps (the load of the air by dust
  particles, geological maps, pedological maps)
• The use of Database REZZO (Czech meteorological
  Institute)
• steady sample net can not be reached

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Material and methods

• Soil samples
• humic horizons (5 - 20 cm)
• average sample from 10 partial samples
• POPs samples - glass yards, freezing by the
  temperature of - 18C

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Material and methods

• Plant samples
• overground parts only (shoot)
• the storage in paper or plastic bags in fridge
  (5-7 oC)

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Material and methods

• Potentially risky elements
• As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and
  Zn
• Total content (HNO3, HF, HClO3)
• Extract of 2M HNO3 (cold method)
• Extract of 1M MH4NO3, 0,025M EDTA

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Material and methods

• Persistent organic pollutants

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Processing of the results

• The use of elementary statistic
• The comparison with legislative regulations
• Ministry of Environ. 13/1994 Sb. (Soil)
• Ministry of Agriculture 169/2002 Sb. (Plants)
• The comparison with the proposal of 13/1994
  modification ( prevention and indication limit)

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Processing of the results

• Annual report
• Database (Excel)
• maps of the soil load by As, Cd, Pb, Zn,
  benzo(a)pyrene, fluoranthene and sum of PAHs

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Results

• Potentially risky elements
• increased load of agricultural soils was not
  confirmed generally
• increased load of agricultural soils was observed
  in
• mountainous areas in the north of republic
• the vicinity of industrial towns and past mining
  areas
• fluvial zones of the rivers
• imission regions

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Results

• Mountainous areas
• Mountains Krusne hory, Jizerske hory, Krkonose,
  Orlicke hory, Jeseniky, Moravskoslezske Beskydy
• As, Cd, Pb
• The exceeding of prevention limit (background
  values) generally, the exceeding of indication
  limit sporadically

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Results

• The vicinity of industrial towns and past mining
  areas
• character of local load
• As, Cd, Pb, Zn
• larger loaded areas observed near the towns
• in imission regions (Chomutov, Most, Ostrava,
  Trinec)
• in hilly terrain closed to mountains (Liberec,
  Jablonec nad Nisou)
• with past mining activities (Pribram, Kutna Hora)
• the exceeding of prevention limit and indication
  limit in some cases

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Results

• Fluvial zones
• Rivers Labe, Vltava, Berounka, Jizera, Morava,
  Odra, Dyje
• Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Ni
• exceeding of prevention and indication limits
• unstable situation because of risk of floods

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Results

• The areas with presence of geochemical anomalies
• metalogenic zones in the areas of acid
  metamorphic rocks (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni)
• basic and ultrabasic rocks (Cr, Ni, Co, V, Zn)
• products of calcite weathering (Cd)
• Extremely increased total contents, low
  extractability (HNO3, NH4NO3, CaCl2), low
  mobility in the soil, low risk for plant
  production

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Results

• Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
• increased contents in the soil detected
• in imission regions (northmoravian
  predominantly)-PAHs, PCDDs/Fs
• in the vicinity of rural settlements - PAHs
• in mountainous areas - PAHs, PCDDs/Fs
• in areas with intensive agriculture in near past
  - DDT, DDE, DDD
• on the fields with long-term sludge application -
  PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/Fs
• in fluvial zones (all types of POPs)
• The evaluation of the contents - only prevention
  limit available

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Results

• Load of plants by RE and POPs
• the cases of increased values only sporadically
• increased values in plants observed in the areas
  with increased soil loads
• there was no correlation between the load of
  plants and soil

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Results

• Dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuranes
• The set of 146 samples
• The definition of average load of agricultural
  soils of CR, 1ng . kg-1 I-TEQ PCDD/F
• The separation of the samples to three groups on
  the base of the load by I-TEQ PCDD/F (ng . kg-1)
• 0.1 - 0.4 - the group of soils from clean areas
  predominantly
• 0.5 - 1.5 - the group of soils with mixed load
  and the soils from highlands areas
• 0.6 - 14 - the group of soil with strong imission
  load, from fluvial zones and with long-term
  sludge application

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Interface with other projects

• Actual problems
• past mining areas (Pribram, Kutna Hora)
• the contamination of fluvial zones by the floods
  in 1997 and 2002
• the load of soils ba PCDD/F in Lysa nad Labem
  town (risky waste incinerator)
• Other projects
• the use of the results for the proposal of
  legislative standards
• the use of the results for the implementation of
  Stockholm convention