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Aging and Exercise

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Aging and Exercise. Chapter 32. New Gerontology. In 1900's, 4% of population 65 ... Gerontology now focused on a more positive, dynamic notion of 'successful aging' ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Aging and Exercise


1
Aging and Exercise
  • Chapter 32

2
New Gerontology
  • In 1900s, 4 of population gt65 yrs, 1998
    increased to 13
  • Average life expectancy 1900 47 years 2004
    76 years, 2050 83 years
  • 63 of todays 65-year olds will achieve their
    85th birthday, and 24 will celebrate age 95
  • Gerontology now focused on a more positive,
    dynamic notion of successful aging

3
Aging and Bodily Function
4
Causes of Death in U.S.
5
Nature of the Aging Process
  • Involves diminished capacity to regulate the
    internal environment
  • Impairs ability to meet metabolic and external
    challenges
  • Physiological control mechanisms do not work as
    well in older people
  • Genetic factors have profound influence on length
    of life
  • Aging likely related in some way to abnormality
    in the genetic functioning of cells
  • Aging also associated with an accumulation of
    insults and wear-and-tear that lead to the
    gradual loss of the ability to adapt to stress

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7
Cardiovascular Function and Aging
  • Maximal VO2 declines steadily after age 20,
    decreasing by 35 to 40 at age 65
  • Exercise training enhances the hearts capacity
    to pump blood and increases aerobic capacity to
    the same relative regular degree as younger
    adults
  • Nine to twelve months of endurance training
    increased VO2max 19 in men and 22 in women

8
Aging and Physiologic Function
  • Cardiovascular function
  • Aerobic capacity
  • VO2max declines
  • Increased extraction of oxygen from a reduced
    blood flow
  • Central and peripheral functions
  • Decreased max HR
  • Decreased max cardiac output
  • Reduced stroke volume
  • Decreased capillarymuscle ratio
  • Lifestyle or aging?
  • Active individuals have less dramatic declines in
    function

9
Aging and Physiologic Function
  • Cardiovascular function
  • Endurance performance
  • Declines after age 30
  • Regular exercise slows the decline
  • Aerobic trainability among the elderly
  • Elderly respond well to exercise training

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13
Aging and Endurance Performance
14
Aging Effects on Strength and Flexibility
  • Maximum strength between 20 to 30 yrs of age by
    70, 30 overall decrease
  • Strength decreases with age because of reduction
    of muscle mass
  • Regular exercise training retains body protein
    and blunts the loss of muscle mass and strength
    with aging
  • Connective tissue becomes stiffer and more rigid,
    which reduces joint flexibility

15
Strength Changes
  • Muscle strength decreases approximately 8 a
    decade after age 45, with a total decrement of
    30-40 between peak strength and strength at time
    of death
  • Selective loss of Type II muscle fibers,
    decreasing strength and power
  • Decrease in glycolytic enzymes

16
Aging and Physiologic Function
  • Muscular strength
  • Strength usually peaks between ages 20 40
  • Muscle mass decreases after 40
  • Power loss is greater than strength loss
  • Arm strength deteriorates slower than leg
    strength
  • Muscle mass decrease
  • Resistance training among the elderly
  • Elderly respond to weight training similar to
    younger adults

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18
Aging Effects on Strength and Flexibility
Ages 60-72 yrs
19
Endocrine Changes with Aging
20
Aging and Physiologic Function
  • Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor
  • Decreased growth hormone production
  • Decreased insulin-like growth factor
  • hormone replacement therapy
  • Pulmonary function
  • Static dynamic lung volumes decline
  • Gas exchange kinetics slow during transition from
    rest to exercise

21
Aging and Endurance Performance
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23
Aging and Body Composition
50 60 70
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26
Aging and Physiologic Function
  • Body composition
  • Men women gain body fat after age 18
  • Training can slow this process
  • Bone mass
  • Skeletal demineralization occurs
  • Osteoporosis results
  • More common in women

27
Aging and Physiologic Function
  • Trainability and age
  • Traditionally it was
  • thought that the
  • elderly couldnt
  • respond to training
  • very well
  • This view point has
  • been modified

28
Improved Fitness A Little Goes a Long Way
29
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30
Risk Factors for CHD
  • Modifiable Cigarette smoking, obesity, physical
    inactivity, ECG abnormalities, HTN, Elevated
    blood lipids, Visceral-abdominal adiposity, DM,
    Pulmonary function abnormalities, Tension and
    stress, High fat diet, Elevated homocysteine
    levels
  • Fixed Age, gender, heredity, race, male-pattern
    baldness

31
Physical Activity, Health, and Longevity
  • Regular moderate exercise provides significant
    benefits
  • Influence of physical fitness
  • Strong inverse relationship among aerobic fitness
    and all causes of death, especially CV related
    deaths
  • Structured exercise not necessary
  • Increasing activity level does improve health
  • Changing from sedentary to active, most evident
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