Taking RELATIVITY back from Principles to Physical Processes by Albrecht Giese Hamburg, Germany Lond

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Taking RELATIVITYback from Principles to
Physical ProcessesbyAlbrecht Giese Hamburg
GermanyLondon 2008
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Contents

• Introduction Space and Time
• Special Relativity
• Origin of Mass
• General Relativity

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QuestionHow is space measured

• Examples from geodesy

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Space Time

• Space is nota physical object
• Space isa concept of the human mind

Consequence replace Space
Objects Fields
X

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Space Time

• Time is nota physical object
• Time isa concept of the human mind

Consequence replace Time
Elementary oscillations
X

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Contents

• Introduction Space and Time
• Special Relativity
• Origin of Mass
• General Relativity

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The Elements of Special Relativity

• Contraction
• Dilation

• Constancy of c

• Increase of Mass
• Energy-Mass Relation

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Special RelativityHistory of the contraction
Electric fields contract at motion
1888 O. Heaviside
Objects contract at motion
1889 G.F. FitzGerald
Michelson-Morley apparatus contracts at
motionwhich explains the null-result of the
experiment
1892 H.A. Lorentz
Sufficient to understand relativity
1932 R.J. Kennedy E.M.Thorndike
The experiment cannot be explained by pure
contraction Needs dilation also


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Special RelativityHistory of the internal
motion
Motion at c of the smallest objects
1908 J. Ziegler
Internal oscillation causes matter
wavesfrequency
1924 L. de Broglie
1928 P. Dirac
Relativistic QM-function of the electron
Evaluation of the Dirac Function
1930 E. Schrödinger
c

Zitterbewegung

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Zitterbewegung (Schrödinger) Completed
Structure of an Elementary Particle
(de Broglie 1924)
(Dirac / Schrödinger 1928/30)
(Spin mag. moment)
orbit
(Momentum law)
(Relativity)
No conflict with the electron experiments

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Special RelativityDilation
Speed of proper time

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Special Relativity Measuring c

v
At rest
Measurement of d and T
d fixed T 2d/c
measured cm 2d/T c
Lab in motion with v
d fixed
Measurement of d and T

T d/(c-v) d/(cv) 2cd/(c2 - v2) 2d/c 2
measured cm 2d/T
with d d/

i.e. the Lorentz
-
Factor

T T
measured cm 2d/T 2d/T/ 2 c 2 / 2 c

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Contents

• Introduction Space and Time
• Special Relativity
• Origin of Mass
• General Relativity

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The Origin of Mass Bind of the Basic Particles

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Bind of the Basic Particles
r
F
F
r

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The Mass Equation


universal for all elem. particles!

The classical magnetic moment
Radius R computed from the magnetic moment and
then inserted above the correct mass m
Bohr magneton in case of the electron
universally valid for all elem. particles
Or both equations combined


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Mass and Increase of Mass



--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------

Relativistic increase of mass From
Putting the object to motion

Spin
Classical angular momentum

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The Origin of Mass Existing Models
Vacuum fluctuations
Higgs Model
Basic Particle Model

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Contents

• Introduction Space and Time
• Special Relativity
• Origin of Mass
• General Relativity

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The Shapiro-Experiment
Einsteins view this is a seeming reduction of c
c


c
P1/2 or 1 depending on direction

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The gravitational field of the sun
P1/2 or 1 depending on direction
Einsteins view the path ís straight but the
space is curved
The application of classical refraction yields
for the vertex
Integrating deflection from to yields
1.75 arcsec . with Newton 0.88
arcsec
Now Acceleration at rest!!
This was the great breakthrough for Einstein in
1919 (Solar eclipse)!!

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Elementary Particle in a Gravitational Field
(with Vertical Axis)

• c

• c

No dependency of the mass!

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Formal Result of General Relativity (Gravity)
Reduced speed of light c
for radial motion
for tangential motion
in radial direction
Reduced field distance
Lorentz Transformation(time-related)
Speed split into radial/tangential portion
Now Gravity

Schwarzschild Solution
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Results of General Relativity (Gravity)
Schwarzschild Solution

• is the basis for the proofs of General
  Relativity
• Perihelion Advance
• Gravitational Lensing

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As a comparison The Schwarzschild Solution
derived with Einstein

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The Schwarzschild Solution derived without
Einstein
Reduced speed of light c
for radial motion
for tangential motion
in radial direction
Reduced field distance
Lorentz Transformation(time-related)
Speed split into radial/tangential portion
Now Gravity
Schwarzschild Solution

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What is Gravity
Gravity is the change of the speed of light c
in the vicinity of an object
But What is the physical reason for the change
of the speed of light c in the vicinity of an
object

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Why is c reduced
--gt by the perturbed path of a light-like particle
c
Force is the Strong Force This solves Quantum
Gravity!
Averagespeed lt c
Reduction of c independent of Radius
independent of mass

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Gravitational Field of Light Particles at the
Sun
Light Particles(Photons)
Gravitational field of the Core
Core
The density of the light particles
c
The number of light particles up to r
Observer
Gravitational field of photons at r
r

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Gravitational Field of Light Particles at the
Sun per Distance
Photons (dark matter) dominate
Core dominates
Sun surface
3 kpc

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Rotation of the Galaxy NGC 3198
halo (of dark matter)
photons

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Summary
What are the benefits of this model of gravity
The model can easily be understood
The model explains
The only attracting effect
The Dark Matter phenomenon
The model maintains
The classical (and naïve) understanding of
space and time
The model avoids
Conflicts between gravity and quantum theory
QUANTUM GRAVITY BECOMES OBSOLETE
The necessity of the Equivalence Principle
(which is an fact derived here)
The force 4 assigned to gravity
(non-existent step towards a unified theory)


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The End