U.S. SHAREDUSE VEHICLES: A SURVEY OF MARKET DEVELOPMENTS

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U.S. SHARED-USE VEHICLES A SURVEY OF MARKET
DEVELOPMENTS

• Susan A. Shaheen, Ph.D.
• Innovative Mobility Research,
• Program Manager, UC PATH
• Friday, October 25, 2002

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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

• Carsharing Station Cars The Concepts
• Shared-Use Vehicles Then Now
• Market Trends
• Opportunities Obstacles
• Conclusions

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CARSHARING AND STATION CARS THE CONCEPTS

• Shared Use Of A Vehicle Pool Related Costs By
  Members
• Individuals Access A Shared Vehicle As Needed At
  Transit Stations, Neighborhoods Employment
  Sites
• User Fees Cover Insurance, Maintenance
  Operations

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POTENTIAL BENEFITS

• Saves Customers Money
• Encourages Facilitates Transit Ridership
• Provides A Mobility Alternative To Employers
  Businesses During The Day
• Reduces Pollution, Fuel Consumption Land Use
  Impacts

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SHARED-USE VEHICLES THEN NOW

• Roots In Europe (1948)
• Neighborhood Carsharing In Canada (1994)
• Station Car Programs In U.S. (1995)
• Neighborhood Carsharing In U.S (1998)
• Merging Of Station Car Carsharing Concepts,
  Especially In U.S. (2001-Present)

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U.S. SURVEY

• 18 Organizations Surveyed Between June 2001
  June 2002
• Covered Range Of Topics, Including

• Rate Structures
• Technology
• Costs (E.G., Insurance)

• Business Model
• Organizational Size
• Strategic Partnerships

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U.S. ACTIVITIES

• 18 Organizations Operating In 22 Regions
• 12,100 Carsharing Members 163 Station Car
  Members
• 455 Carsharing Vehicles 121 Station Car Vehicles
• Approximately 11 Operations Planned

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U.S. SHARED-USE VEHICLE ORGANIZATION GROWTH
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U.S. GROWTH TRENDS

• Several Growth-Oriented Organizations Have
  Emerged
• Three Carsharing Organizations Serve 92 Percent
  Of Users
• Increasing Use Of More Advanced Technologies

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U.S. FLEET MEMBERSHIP GROWTH
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CALIFORNIA ACTIVITIES

• In 1999, First Shared-Use Vehicle Program
• In 2002, 40 Percent Of Total U.S. Organizations
• Represents 20 Percent Of Total U.S. Users
• More Than 70 Percent Of California Users Served
  By Two Organizations

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PARTNERSHIPS

• Automobile Manufacturers
• Transit Providers Public Sector
• Housing Developers
• Car Rental Agencies

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ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY

• Lower Administration Labor Costs
• Fast Convenient Reservations
• Accurate Vehicle Usage Data
• Enhanced Security Protection
• Insurance Discounts

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U.S. TECHNOLOGY APPROACHES
Distribution Of Organizations By Operation
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ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY OBSTACLES

• Small Fleet Scale Of Single Organizations
  Unattractive To Providers
• Difficult To Access Adequate Affordable
  Technologies
• Development Of Customized Technologies Is Costly

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ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES

• Cooperation Among Carsharing Providers, Attracts
  Providers Customized Technologies
• Expansion Of Services (E.G., One-Way Trips)
• Insurance Discounts
• Standardization Interoperability

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INSURANCE

• Insurance Costs Increased 50 Percent From
  2001-2002
• Termination Of One Program Due To Rising Premiums
• U.S. Insurance Costs Per Vehicle
• 4,800 - 6,000 / Year
• Insurance Is 20 - 48 Percent of Total Fixed Costs

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INSURANCE OBSTACLES

• No Insurance Risk-Class
• Statistically Insignificant Claims History
• Small Fleet Scale
• High Member/Vehicle Ratio
• Misinformation Among Insurers

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INSURANCE OPPORTUNITIES

• Development Of Acturial Tables Risk-Rating
  Factors
• Advanced Technologies For Insurance Data
  Enhanced Security
• Usage-Based Insurance
• Captive Self-Insurance Strategy

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SUMMARY

• Over 90 Percent Of U.S. Users Served By Three
  Organizations
• Growth Since 1998 Almost Exponential
• Supportive Partnerships Emerged
• Potential Obstacles Opportunities In Insurance
  and Technology
• Strong Public-Private Partnerships Can Help
  Support Nascent Market

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

• California Department of Transportation
• DaimlerChrysler
• UC PATH
• Researchers MollyAnne Meyn, Kamill Wipyewski,
  Rebecca Pearson, and John Wright
• Shared-Use Vehicle Programs

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