Title: Second Generation Lignin Seminar ________ New Lignin Generation through Biorefineries
1Second Generation Lignin Seminar ________New
Lignin Generation through Biorefineries
2New Biomass Valorizations
- Roughly nowadays, the pathway
- Extraction of cellulose and hemicelluloses
- Valorization of cellulose as is (such as fibers
for paper paste) - Polysaccharides hydrolysis to hexoses and
pentoses - Green chemistry on sugars, or fermentation of
sugars to bioethanol - Valorization of by products waxs, proteins,
terpenes, talloil, etc... - ? Fate of LIGNIN?
3Bioefinery
Annual or pluriannual biomass, by-products
Cooler
Chemistry
Polymers
Nutrition
Propanediol
Succinic ac.
Lactic ac.
Amino ac.
Lignin Hemicelluloses Cellulose
Cellulosic paste for paper
Biothanol
.....
Fermentation
Enzymes cellulases
Glucose
Grinding
Biofuel
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Insolubles
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Time
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Pretreatement
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Press Decantor Filter
Heat Chemicals Enzymes
Lignin
Solubles
Lignin
Surfactants Polyalcohol Furfural
Pentoses
Chemistry
4Raw Materials Sourcing
5Biorefinery processes
- Specifications needed
- Preservation of cellulose
- Low degradation of pentoses
- And then, what about residues
6Cellulose Pretreatment for EtOH
- Targets
- reducing crystallinity
- increasing digestibility
- washing of hemicellulose and lignin
- Means
- -acidic or alkalin impregnation
- -thermal and mechanical treatment
- -enzymes for hemicellulose hydrolysis
- Results
- -90 to 95 cellulose recovery
- -85 to 95 cellulose digestibility
- -75 to 95 pentoses recovery
- -how lignin looks like? how knows?
Steam explosion
New smooth processes
7Cellulose recovery for paper
Existing processes (Kraft, bisulfite) do not
preserve lignin. New processes (Organoslv, CIMV)
help to recover less modified lignin. For
example, CIMV, using acetic and formic acid at
low temperature. ?Lignin is still the last
by-product, after cellulose and hemicellulose A
big issue for lignin separation and
purification processes adapted to several kinds
of lignin.
8New lignin recovery
Washing
Screening
Liquid/solid Separation
Drying?
9Biorefinery an opportunity for lignin
- An example
- A bioethanol cellulosic plant reliable with
175000 To of Ethanol - Input 1million To of biomass Output 250000
Tonnes of lignin - Biorefinery
- has to crack the whole plant
- has to be flexible to switch to other raw
materials - has to valorize each fraction in accordance with
market price variation - ? LIGNIN is a part of the system, such as the 2
others polymers.
10Fates of lignin
- The big issue with lignin are
- there is one cellulose, some hemicellulose and a
world of lignin - lignin are derived from processes driven by
polysaccharides - remaining lignin is not alone what about purity
and extraction? - biorefinery are mostly aqueous processes, not
compatible with lignin - To summarize, lignin is the last stream to be
valorized. - Last, but not least, lignin could be also
- an interesting guinea-pig for chemist
- - a biocombustible for heat and power generation
in biorefinery - a load for feed / concrete / boards,....
- but probably the most promising building block
for aromatic chemistry
11Conclusion - Outlook
- Until proof-of-principle of reasonable
valorization of lignin, poor adaptation of
processes for cellulose and hemicellulose will be
implemented in biorefinery to preserve lignin. - But biorefinery is probably the best area to
promote and succeed in a new lignin chemistry. - We have to bring economical, technical,
environnemental evidences of interest of lignin
to guide choices - process
- purification
- properties
- price