Use of Tires as a Fuel in the Manufacture of Cement Regulator Environment - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Use of Tires as a Fuel in the Manufacture of Cement Regulator Environment

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... record for the use of tire derived fuel (TDF) Regulatory outlook ... Scrap Tire Use in Canada - 2003. Source: Canadian Association of Tire Recycling Agencies ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Use of Tires as a Fuel in the Manufacture of Cement Regulator Environment


1
Use of Tires as a Fuel in the Manufacture of
Cement Regulator Environment
Presented By Randy Gue Business Development Mgr.
2
Presentation Overview
  • Cement manufacturing process
  • How and why tires are used in the process
  • Established environment record for the use of
    tire derived fuel (TDF)
  • Regulatory outlook
  • Conclusion

3
Cement Manufacturing Process
  • Step 1. Create a raw mix
  • Step 2. Burn the raw mix in a kiln to produce
    clinker
  • Step 3. Pulverize the clinker to make the powder
    known as cement

4
Clarification
Cement
Concrete
Water Rocks Sand
5
Step 1. Creating a raw mix
  • Raw materials are combined in exact proportions
    to create a chemically correct raw mix
  • Silica (sand, clay, shale)
  • Alumina (clay, shale, low grade bauxite)
  • Iron (mill scale, smelter slag)
  • Lime (limestone)
  • Raw mix is pulverized in a mill

6
Step 2. Burning the raw mix in a kiln
  • Raw mix is burned in a kiln
  • Material temperatures 1450 0 C
  • End product is cooled to form pellet size
    material Clinker

7
Some technical characteristics of cement kilns
  • Long residence time
  • Contact between flue gas with caustic material(
    scrubbing effect)
  • Turbulent atmosphere
  • Temperatures operate above 1450 C

8
Step 3. Pulverizing the Clinker
  • Clinker is combined with a small percentage of
    gypsum and ground in a mill to produce the powder
    know as cement

9
How and Why Tires Are Used in the Process
  • Used as a source of fuel
  • Replaces conventional fuels such as coal and
    petroleum coke
  • Can be used shredded or burned whole

10
A Valuable Resource !
Calorific value
11
Tire Composition
12
Possible Injection Points
13
TDF Injection Systems
14
Environmental Record
  • Historical use and extensive studies have shown
    that TDF can be safely used as a fuel in the
    manufacture of cement

15
Typical emission data
Ex. Result of test data
16
Environmental Record
  • In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
    (USEPA) conducted an extensive study of emissions
    from combustors that have used tire-derived fuel
    TDF (simulator and 22 industrial facilities).
  • Conclusion In general, the results indicated
    that properly designed existing solid fuel
    combustors can supplement their normal fuel with
    10 to 20 TDF and still satisfy environmental
    compliance emissions limits.
  • Reference - Joel I. Reisman, Air Emissions from
    Scrap Tire Combustion, EPA Contact No. 68-D30035.
    E.H. Pechan Associates, October 1997.

17
Environmental Record
Typical cement kiln emission data
  • Reference - Joel I. Reisman, Air Emissions from
    Scrap Tire Combustion,
  • EPA Contact No. 68-D30035. E.H. Pechan
    Associates, October 1997.

18
Environmental Record
  • A report by the TNRCC dated March 2001, stated
    that the TNRCC believes scientific evidence has
    demonstrated that tires can be safely burned for
    fuel provided proper emission control devices are
    used.
  • The report goes on to conclude that TDF can be
    burned in an environmentally sound manner, with
    overall emissions consistent with the burning of
    coal.
  • Reference - Texas Natural Resource Conservation
    Commission (TNRCC), Air Emissions Associated with
    the Burning of Tire-Derived Fuel, March 2001.

19
Environmental Record
20
Scrap Tire Use in the U.S. - 2003
Source US Scrap Tires Market 2003 Edition,
Rubber Manufacturers Association.
21
Scrap Tire Use in Canada - 2003
Source Canadian Association of Tire Recycling
Agencies
22
TDF Use in North America
  • 2003 there were 43 facilities (65 cement kilns)
    using TDF
  • 6 more being permitted in 2004
  • 4- 6 more planned in 2005

23
Regulatory Outlook
  • Positive based on experience and good scientific
    evidence from extensive studies
  • Strong support from EPA and other regulators
  • Communities and the general public need to be
    convinced
  • NIMBY issue

24
Conclusion
  • Use of scrap tires in a cement kiln is a
    regulatory accepted practice throughout the world
  • Use in cement kilns continues to grow
  • Use results in no net increase of direct
    emissions
  • Use reduces potential environmental risk in
    comparison to land filling
  • Proven safe and cost-effective method of reuse
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