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Women in the economy Women in poverty

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Title: Women in the economy Women in poverty


1
Women in the economyWomen in poverty
  • from
  • Beijing to Brussels

2
EU Strategic Goal for 2010
  • European Councils at Lisbon Feria, 2000
  • to become the most competitive and dynamic
    knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of
    sustainable economic growth with more and better
    jobs and greater social cohesion

3
Achieving the strategic goal
  • European Employment Strategy (EES)
  • Since 1997, review process on going
  • Member states prepare annual National Action Plan
    (NEAP)
  • Strategy to Fight Poverty Social Exclusion
  • Since 2001
  • National Action Plans cover two years (NAPincl)
  • Second action plan currently being drafted, to be
    completed by July 2003

4
Implementation
  • Open Method of Co-ordination (OMC)
  • institutionalised policy-learning process
  • learning from and with others, and in
    anticipation of failure
  • management by objectives over medium/long-term
  • synergies between social inclusion and employment
  • promoting social dialogue
  • No directives, regulations no sanctions

5
Implications
  • Objectives for both strategies agreed at the
    Council of Ministers
  • Not imposed by Brussels
  • All member state governments have agreed to work
    towards achievement of objectives
  • Develop plans
  • Monitor progress
  • Mobilise all actors

6
Implications
  • Both plans call on member-states to mobilise all
    actors in achieving objectives
  • All branches of government
  • Local, regional and national
  • Parliament
  • NGOs
  • Civic society

7
European Employment Strategy
  • Background
  • Persistent structural problems in many European
    economies e.g. long term unemployment, and that
    Many of these problems were of our own making
  • Led to renewed interest in finding solutions
    through co-ordination and convergence of policies

8
European Employment Strategy
  • Amsterdam Treaty Title on employment introduced
  • High level of employment named as key objective
    of EU, all member states agree to co-ordinated
    strategy
  • Mainstreaming commitment all community polices
    must take employment impact into account (art.
    127)
  • http//europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/news/2
    002/aug/final_pcp.pdf

9
EES Five Year Review
  • Evaluation in 2002, after first 5 years
    implementation
  • Barcelona Council concludes that EES had proved
    its worth
  • Calls for reinforced strategy, incorporating
    targets and goals from Lisbon
  • Strategy to focus on implementation and be
    simplified
  • Timeframe to be aligned with Lisbon deadline
    (2010), with intermediate evaluation in 2006

10
Streamlining Implementation
  • Re-organise EU co-ordination processes to make
    more transparent and intelligble
  • Implementation Package (January) includes draft
    Joint Employment Report
  • Guidelines Package (April) includes Employment
    Guidelines and country-specific Recommendations
  • These form the basis for member states annual
    National Employment Action Plans (NEAP)

11
New EES 3 overarching objectives
  • Full employment
  • Overall employment rate 67 in 2005, 70 in 2010
  • Employment rate for women of 57 in 2005, 60 in
    2010
  • Employment rate for older workers of 50 in 2010
  • Quality and productivity at work
  • Cohesion and an inclusive labour market
  • 10 priorities for action to support objectives
  • the 10 commandments

12
The 10 Commandments
  • Help unemployed and inactive people find a job,
    prevent long-term unemployment
  • Encourage entrepreneurship and improve climate
    for business start-ups
  • Promote adapatablity of workers firms to change
  • Provide more better investment in human capital
    and strategies for life long learning
  • Increase labour supply and promote active aging

13
10 Commandments
  • Promote gender equality in employment and pay
  • Promote integration of and combat discrimination
    against disadvantaged groups
  • Make work pay through incentives
  • Transform undeclared work into regular employment
  • Promote occupational and geographical mobility

14
Targets to Stimulate Reform
  • Evaluation of first 5 years shows that target
    setting is an effective way of stimulating reform
  • Results focus means priorities backed up by a
    series of specific targets, against which
    progress will be monitored

15
Targets to Stimulate Reform
  • Eliminate gender gaps in employment and halve
    gender pay gap in each member state, by 2010
  • Childcare places, by 2010, for
  • 33 of 0-3 year olds
  • 90 of 3-mandatory school age in each member
    state
  • All job vacancies advertised by national
    employment service to be accessible, and able to
    be consulted by anyone, by 2005

16
Targets discrimination
  • Increase average exit age from labour market from
    60 to 65 on average in EU, by 2010
  • Halve unemployment gap for disadvantaged groups
    in each member state, by 2010
  • Halve the employment gap between EU and non-eu
    nationals in each member state, by 2010

17
Targets unemployment
  • Personalised job search plan for all unemployed
    people before 4th month of unemployment, by 2005
  • Work experience/training for all unemployed
    people before 12th month of unemployment 6th
    month for young and vulnerable, by 2010
  • 30 of long-term unemployed in work experience or
    training, by 2010

18
Targets education training
  • Halve school drop-out in each member state, by
    2010
  • 80 of 25-64 year olds to have upper secondary
    education, by 2010
  • Increase participation rate of adults in
    education/training to minimum of 10 in member
    states by 2010
  • Increase company investment in training to 5 of
    labour costs on average in EU (currently 2.3),
    by 2010

19
Targets to Stimulate Reform
  • Reduce accidents in work by 15, 25 for
    high-risk occupations, by 2010
  • National targets to be set for
  • business training
  • reduction of red-tape for start-ups
  • per capita increase of public and private
    investment in human resources
  • tax burden on low paid workers
  • undeclared work

20
The Gender Equality Guideline
  • Member states will, through a gender
    mainstreaming approach and specific policy
    actions, progressively eliminate gender gaps in
  • Employment rates
  • Unemployment rates
  • Pay

21
The Gender Equality Guideline
  • In particular, policies will aim to achieve, by
    2010, elimination of gender gaps in unemployment,
    and
  • A halving of the gender pay gap in each member
    state, through a multi-faceted approach
    addressing the underlying factors of the gender
    pay gap, including
  • Sectoral and occupational segregation
  • Education and training
  • Job classifications and pay systems
  • Awareness raising and transparency

22
The Gender Equality Guideline
  • Particular attention will be given to reconciling
    work and family life, notably through the
    provision of care services for children and
    other dependents. Policies will aim to achieve,
    by 2010
  • A 33 coverage of childcare services for 0-3 year
    olds and
  • A 90 coverage of childcare services for 3 years
    old to mandatory school age in each member state

23
Recommendations for Ireland 2003
  • Job creation address regional imbalances in
    employment, unemployment and job creation
  • Lifelong learning increase in-company training,
    implement lifelong learning strategy

24
Recommendations for Ireland, 2003
  • Gender equality strengthen efforts to mobilise
    and integrate into the labour market economically
    inactive people, in particular women, by
  • continuing to remove tax barriers
  • increasing number of affordable childcare places
    and
  • addressing the factors underlying the gender pay
    gap

25
Overview of Recommendations
26
Local Dimension to the EES
  • Lisbon Council, stressed importance of a fully
    decentralised approach in which the Union,
    Member States, regional and local levels, as well
    as social partners and civil society will be
    actively involved, using variable forms of
    partnership
  • Level of involvement of local and regional actors
    to be determined by member states
  • Participation should be supported through local
    partnerships, information dissemination
    consultation

27
European Strategy against Poverty Social
Exclusion
  • Common Objectives adopted at Nice European
    Council, December 2000
  • Social Protection Committee deemed original
    objectives robust and viable, but
  • Three substantive areas require amendments to
    highlight their importance

28
Three Important Areas for 2003-4
  • Member States need to set targets for
    signficantly reducing the number of people at
    risk of poverty and social exclusion by 2010
  • Emphasise the importance of taking the role of
    gender fully into account in the development,
    implementation and monitoring of NAPincls
  • Highlight more clearly the high risk of poverty
    and social exclusion as a result of immigration

29
More mainstreaming!
  • Multi-dimensional nature of social exclusion
    requires mainstreaming approach, in all relevant
    strands of policy, at both national and community
    (EU) level
  • Objectives should promote better understanding
  • mainstreaming anti-poverty into member states
    employment, social protection, education
    training, health housing policies and
  • developing priority actions for target groups
    e.g. minorities, children, older people and
    disabled people

30
Implementation
  • Gender mainstreaming
  • In all actions to achieve social inclusion, by
    assessing implications for both genders in
    planning, decision-making and monitoring of
    actions
  • Subsidiarity
  • Responsibility for implementation lies with
    member states and their institutions
  • Open Method of Co-ordination (OMC)
  • Intergovernmental approach
  • No binding directives or regulations

31
Common Objectives
  • Facilitate participation in employment and access
    by all to resources, rights, goods and services
  • Prevent the risks of exclusion
  • Help the most vulnerable
  • Mobilise all relevant bodies

32
Objective 1
  • Facilitating participation in employment
  • In context of EES, promote access to stable and
    quality employment for all capable of working by
  • Putting in place pathways to employment for
    vulnerable groups, and mobilising training policy
    to that end
  • Developing policies to reconcile work and family
    life
  • Using integration employment opportunities of
    social economy
  • Improve employability through HR management, work
    organisation and lifelong learning

33
Objective 1
  • Access to resources, rights, goods services for
    all
  • Organise social protection systems so as to
  • Guarantee everyone sufficient resources to live
    life with dignity
  • Ensure taking up employment results in increased
    income and promotes employability

34
Objective 1
  • Access to resources, rights, goods services for
    all
  • Access for all to decent housing with basic
    services
  • Access for all to healthcare appropriate to needs
  • Services for those at risk of exclusion to allow
    effective access to education, justice and other
    services, public private, e.g. sport and culture

35
Objective 2
  • Fully exploit the potential of knowledge-based
    society and ICT to ensure no-one is excluded, in
    particular people with disabilties
  • Policies to prevent life crises that lead to
    exclusion e.g. homelessness, indebteness
  • Action to preserve family solidarity in all its
    forms

36
Objective 3
  • Promote integration for those at risk of
    persistent poverty e.g. immigrants, people with a
    disabilty
  • Aim to eliminate social exclusion for children
  • Develop comprehensive actions for areas marked by
    exclusion

37
Objective 4
  • Promote participation and self-expression of
    excluded people, particularly on measures
    affecting them
  • Mainstream combating poverty into overall policy
    by
  • Mobilising public authorities at national,
    regional local level
  • Developing appropriate co-ordination procedures
  • Adapting administrative and social services to
    the needs of excluded people, ensuring staff are
    sensitive to needs

38
Objective 4
  • Promote dialogue and partnership between all
    relevant bodies, public and private e.g
  • Involving social partners, NGOs, service
    providers, as appropriate, in the fight against
    poverty
  • Encouraging the active engagement and social
    responsibility of all citizens in the fight
    against poverty
  • Fostering the social responsibility of business
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