Ethnography - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Ethnography

Description:

without imposing a prior interpretation on it. via immersion in the ... to inform the development of designs (e.g., ethnomethodology, technomethodology) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:369
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 15
Provided by: smara
Learn more at: https://ics.uci.edu
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Ethnography


1
Ethnography
  • The systematic study and documentation of human
    activity
  • without imposing a prior interpretation on it
  • via immersion in the environment of it
  • and observation of the routine tasks that
    comprise it
  • Make the implicit explicit

2
Ethnography Design
  • Ethnography of design
  • Studies of developers and their environments
  • Ethnography for design
  • Use of ethnography results to inform the
    development of designs (e.g., ethnomethodology,
    technomethodology)
  • Ethnography within design
  • Integration of ethnographic techniques into the
    development process itself

3
Advantages
  • Describes how work is accomplished, in practice,
    rather than how it is planned or how individuals
    report the accomplishment of their work
  • Recognizes the importance of the context and
    environment on activities
  • Recognizes that, although situations may have
    superficial similarities, they are actually
    unique

4
Disadvantages
  • Time-consuming
  • Difficult to translate between the language of
    sociology and the language of technology
  • Results depend critically on the skill of the
    ethnographic observer, as well as the analytic
    methodology

5
Using Ethnographies in Design
  • Framework (Hughes et al., 1997)
  • Characterize ethnographic results in a way
    amenable to designers needs
  • Dimensions
  • Distributed coordination
  • Plans and procedures
  • Awareness of work
  • Methods
  • Designers use ethnographers documented results
  • Designers learn ethnographers methods

6
Methods
  • Applying ethnography to design
  • Coherence Method
  • tries to facilitate the identification of a
    products most important use cases
  • by structuring the analysis of data
  • Contextual Design
  • tries to facilitate the application of fieldwork
    results to product design
  • by structuring the data for analysis

7
Coherence
  • Viewpoints
  • Derived from dimensions identified
  • Distributed Coordination
  • Plans and Procedures
  • Awareness of Work
  • Guides the observer to particular aspects of the
    workplace
  • Allows several perspectives on a particular
    design to be investigated and reconciled
  • Intended for the early stages of design process
    to inform the models underlying the eventual
    design

8
Coherence
  • Concerns
  • Paper/computer work
  • Skill and local knowledge
  • Spatio-temporal organization
  • Organizational Memory
  • Derived from prior experience in ethnographically
    informed design
  • Each addressed within different Viewpoints

9
Coherence Matrix
Paperwork Computer Work Skill Use of Local Knowledge Spatial Temporal Organization Organizational Memory
Distributed Coordination
Plans and Procedures
Awareness of Work
10
Contextual Design
  • Contextual Inquiry
  • Work Modeling
  • Consolidation
  • Work Redesign
  • User Environment Design
  • Mockup/Test with Customers
  • Putting It into Practice

11
Contextual Inquiry
  • Approach
  • Apprentice Model the designer works as an
    apprentice to the user
  • Underlying Principles
  • Context
  • Partnership
  • Interpretation
  • Focus
  • Method
  • Contextual interview

12
Work Modeling
  • Aspects to be modeled
  • Work Flow
  • Sequence
  • Artifact
  • Cultural
  • Physical

13
Developing Work Models
  • Each analyst has a different understanding of the
    session and they have to be reconciled into a
    common view of the work
  • Interpretive Roles
  • Interviewer
  • Modelers
  • Recorder
  • Moderator/Facilitator
  • Rat-Hole watcher

14
Consolidation
  • Affinity diagram
  • Organize individual notes from interpretation
    discussion
  • Groups of notes, similar in some way, emerge from
    the data (induction)
  • Work Models
  • Consolidate a model thats valid across
    individuals
  • Aim is to identify key roles, common ways of
    doing work, and adaptations to specific contexts
  • Design Room
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com