Detector development and physics studies in high energy physics experiments

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Detector development and physics studies in high
energy physics experiments

• Shashikant Dugad
• Department of High Energy Physics Review,
• 3-9 Jan 2008

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Motivation

• DAE-DST Vision meeting (7-8 April 2006)
• Need for core detector development

Water Cherenkov with WLS Readout
Silicon Photomultiplier
GRAPES Muon/HCAL Imaging ?-ray
Telescope MACE(BARC) ILC-HCAL INO-ECAL Space
experiment? (ISRO)
Tracking Detector Muon detector for
GRAPES Calorimeter HCAL for GRAPES ECAL
for INO?
Many Other applications Experimental nuclear
physics Imaging
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Photo Devices
PMT APD
HPD
Large gain (106) Cost prohibitive for large
scale requirement Sensitive to magnetic field
Occupies large volume
Low gain (100) solid state device Cost not as
high as PMT In-sensitive to magnetic field
Occupies small volume
Silicon Photomultiplier Low cost, high gain,
fast timing device
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SiPM

• APD operated above breakdown voltage
• Geiger response mode
• Essentially a logical device
• converted to photon counting by having large
  array of such diodes in small area

APD SiPM
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Typical design

• A micropixel of SiPM has a drift region at few
  micron epitaxy layer on low resistive P
  substrate.
• PN junction in epitaxy layer provides a depletion
  region with high electric field where Geiger mode
  discharge occurs with incoming photons.
• Electrical decoupling of the pixels provided by
  silicon resistive strips.
• Uniformity of the electric field within a pixel
  by n- guard rings or trench.
• All micropixels is connected by common Al strip
  to readout.
• Gain 106 _at_ 50 V working bias
• Low electronic noise
• -gt Noise Dark rate(2 Mhz) is originated from
  thermally produced charge carriers

• Hye-Young Lee

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MIP With SiPM in HO-CMS
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SiPM development plan

• SiPM characterization facility
• In progress at Ooty with help from HCAL-CMS
  collaboration
• Packaging and assembly of the device
• In progress with Bharat Electronics Limited
  (BEL)
• Device and Process Simulation, Fabrication
• BEL, Banglore
• Semiconductor Complex Limited, Chandigarh

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Initial Setup for SiPM Study at Ooty
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Characterization of CPTA-SiPM
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Team

• BARC
• Chandratre etal.
• Expertise in device development
• Choudhary etal.
• Radiation tests
• ISRO
• Discussions with Dr. Sreekumar in progress
• TIFR
• Sudeshna Banerjee, S.R. Dugad, S.K. Gupta, P.K.
  Mohanty
• Jagadeesan, A. Jain, S. Karthikeyan, K. Manjunath
  ...

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Water Cherenkov (WC) Detectors

• This technique is in use in detection of muons,
  electrons etc. (GRAPES Ooty, Kamioka, AUGER )
• WC detector used at Ooty has good timing response
  but poor uniformity with no directinality
• Plans to make WC detector with good uniformity,
  timing and directionality
• If we succeed then it can be used as an
  alternative to scintillators in large air shower
  array for measuring electromagnetic component
• Muon detector with good angular resolution
• Hadron/Electromagnetic Calorimeter for GRAPES/INO

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Design

• Rectangular tube filled with distilled water
  doped with popop
• Several WLS fibers anchored along the length
  which carries photons to photo device
• Dimension 50x4.6x4.6 cm3 with 16 WLS fibers

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Photoelectron yield of Water Cherenkov Detector
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Timing Response
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Summary

• Plans
• Silicon Photomultiplier
• Characterization laboratory for SiPM
• Develop packaging and assembly line
• Fabricate SiPM
• Water Cherenkov detector
• Optimize the performance
• Make prototype tracking detector with PMT/SiPM
  readout
• Expose it to GeV electron beam at INDUS-Indore
  to validate its calorimetric performance

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Performance of SiPM

• Danilov etal.