High Rate Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment

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High Rate Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment
http//www.uasb.org
Dr. Jim A. Field and Dr. Reyes Sierra, University
of Arizona
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What is Anaerobic Biodegradation?
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Marsh Gas
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COD Balance Aerobic Biodegradation
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COD Balance Anaerobic Biodegradation
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Overview Anaerobic Biodegradation
Polymers
(proteins, polysaccharides)
Monomers
(sugars, amino acids, peptides)
Methanogenic Consortium
propionate
butyrate
H2 CO2
acetate
CH4 CO2
Homoacetogenic bacteria
Hydrolytic enzymes
Methanogens
Fermentative bacteria
Syntrophic acetogenic bacteria
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Methanogenic Reactions
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Kinetic Parameters Anaerobes
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CSTR
Dilution Rate (1/HRT) Time lt Growth Rate
Methanosaete (td 7 d), growth rate ln(2)/td
0.1 d-1 so minimum HRT 10 days
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Recycle of Active Biomass
Dilution Rate (1/HRT) Time gt Growth Rate
sludge retention time uncoupled from hydraulic
retention time
Contact Process
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Immobilization of Active Biomass
Dilution Rate (1/HRT) Time gt Growth Rate
sludge retention time uncoupled from hydraulic
retention time
biogas
Anaerobic Filter
effluent
biofilm
Support (pumice)
influent
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Immobilization of Active Biomass
UASB
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History Anaerobic Treatment Technology
Originally Slurry Digestion
Manures, Sludges
60 to 80s Agroindustrial Effluents
Brewery, Distillery, Food Processing
80 to 90s Pulp/Paper Effluents
Condensates, (C)TMP, Bleachery
90s Chemical/Petrochem. Effluents
Terephthalate, phenols
90 to 00s Anaerobic Bioremediation
PCE, BTEX
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Upward-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
biogas
effluent
weir
3 phase separator
gas
settler
cap
baffles
gas bubble
sludge granule
sludge
bed
influent
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(No Transcript)
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Expanded Granular Sludge Bed
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Anaerobic Sludge Granules
Physical
dense compact biofilms
(30-80 m/h)
high settleability
high mechanical strength
balanced microbial community
Microbial
syntrophic partners closely associated
high methanogenic activity (0.5 to 2.0 g COD/g
VSS.d)
protection from toxic shock
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Anaerobic Sludge Granules (close up)
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Anaerobic Sludge Granules (SEM)
Acetate as Substrate (Methanosaeta)
Sucrose as Substrate (mixed culture)
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Anaerobic Sludge Granules (settling)
granular
flocculent
dispersed
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Surveyed High Rate Anaerobic Plants
Cumulative number of high rate anaerobic
treatment plants for industrial applications
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Market-Share Granular Sludge Reactors
EGSBUASB 72
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Who Discovered the UASB?
Gatze Lettinga
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Design Loads Full Scale UASB EGSB
reactor
n
average design load
UASB
682
10 kg COD/m3.d
EGSB
198
20 kg COD/m3.d
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Most Important Markets for High Rate Anaerobic
Treatment
Breweries and beverage industry
Distilleries and fermentation industry
Food Industry
Pulp and paper
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New and Emerging Markets for High Rate Anaerobic
Treatment
Chemical and Petrochemical
Textile Industry Effluents
Landfill Leachates
Sulfate reduction coupled to sulfur removal
Sulfate reduction coupled metal recovery
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UASB Technology for Removal and Recovery of Metals
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Photo Gallery
Municipal Sludge Digesters
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Municipal Sludge Digesters
Switzerland
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Centralized Biogas Plant
Lintrup Biogas plant (Denmark)
animal manures
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Anaerobic Lagoon
Food/Beverage Processing - Washington
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Contact Process
Food-Processing, Virginia
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UASB
The Netherlands
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UASB - Internal Circulation
Brewery (Switzerland), 20 m height
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UASB - Internal Circulation
Kraft Paper Mill Foul Condensates, Alabama
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EGSB
Gist Brocades (yeast, pharmaceuticals) The
Netherlands
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Modular Design UASB Reactors